Table 5.

Summary of findings for studies on Urological procedures (n=4)

Citation	Study Purpose	Study Design	Setting	Participants	Treatment Decision	Key Findings
Hsieh, 2010	To understand how parents, elect to manage vesicoureteral reflux.	Cross-sectional study	Texas Children’s Hospital urology offices	64 children; 70% White, 27% Hispanic, 3% other.	Open vs endoscopic repair of vesicoureteral reflux	• Hispanics accounted for 55.6% of open procedures and only 21.1% of endoscopic repair. • Hispanics rated stopping ultrasound and finances as more important considerations than whites (p <0.05)
Bisono, 2012	To understand decision-making regarding neonatal circumcision	Qualitative study with in-depth interviews	Outpatient urology clinics in New-York Presbyterian Hospital	129 Hispanic parents.*	Circumcision	• 67% had not circumcised their child. • Culture (χ2 =5.03, p<.0001), familial traditions (χ2 =6.1,p =.014), and believing circumcision to not be too risky, (χ2 = 20.5, p < .0001) influenced the decision to circumcise.
Binner, 2002	To investigate the impact brochures on the parental decision about circumcision.	Cross-sectional study	Memorial-Hermann Hospital and the Woman’s Hospital of Texas in Houston, TX.	190 women; 39% Black,27% White,26% Hispanic, 4% Asian, 4% other.	Circumcision	• Race/ethnicity was not associated with the decision to circumcise.
Ahaghotu, 2009	To examine factors that drive Black parents to favor circumcision	Descriptive study	Outpatient urology clinics in Washington, D.C.	146 parents; 95% Black, 5% other.	Circumcision	• 96% believed circumcision to be healthy. • 41% indicated health reasons as the most important factor for choosing circumcision. • 25% selected maternal preference as the main factor. • The mother was 12 times more likely than the father to make the final decision. • 72% believed that it is a necessary procedure.

^*study included 10 non-Hispanic parents but data for race not included