Table 2.
Odds ratios for women age ≤ 20 at childbirth, when predicting depressive symptoms as well as behavior and development in their children at age 3
| Odds Ratio | 95.0% CI for OR | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EPDS ≥ 10 | |||
| Maternal age ≤ 20 | 2.222 | 1.151–4.290 | 0.017 |
| Maternal education | 3.276 | 2.208–4.860 | < 0.001 |
| Maternal unemployment | 1.676 | 1.015–2.768 | 0.044 |
| Externalizing ≥ 90th percentile | |||
| Maternal age ≤ 20 | 2.253 | 1.005–5.050 | 0.049 |
| Parental unemployment | 2.810 | 1.790–4.412 | < 0.001 |
| Parental profession | 1.815 | 1.207–2.729 | 0.004 |
| Internalizing ≥ 90th percentile | |||
| Maternal age ≤ 20 | 2.381 | 1.065–5.324 | 0.035 |
| Parental unemployment | 2.446 | 1.540–3.885 | < 0.001 |
| Parental profession | 1.962 | 1.304–2.954 | 0.001 |
| CWC Score ≥ 3 | |||
| Maternal age ≤ 20 | 0.628 | 0.144–2.747 | 0.537 |
| Parental unemployment | 3.079 | 1.784–5.315 | < 0.001 |
| Parental profession | 1.769 | 1.067–2.932 | 0.027 |
Note: CI Confidence Interval, OR Odds ratio, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, CWC Child Welfare Center. Logistic regression. Dependent variables: EPDS, CBCL (internalizing, and externalizing), CWC score. Independent variables (0 is used as a reference level): Maternal age at childbirth (0 ≥ 21 years of age, 1 ≤ 20 years of age), Maternal education (0 = accomplished current level of school, 1 = drop out of compulsory or secondary school), Maternal unemployment (0 = No long-term unemployment prior to childbirth, 1 = Long-term unemployment prior to childbirth), Parental unemployment (0 = both parents employed, 1 = one or both parents unemployed), Parental profession (0 = white collar, 1 = blue collar/unemployed)