Table 2.
Knowledge level on hand hygiene by gender (n = 815)
| Total (n = 815) |
Male (n = 245) |
Female (n = 570) |
Test statistics & p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by poor hand hygiene? | |||||
| 1 | Diarrheal disease | ||||
| True ϕ | 739 (90.7) | 217 (88.6) | 522 (91.6) | 0.189★ | |
| False | 76 (9.3) | 28 (11.4) | 48 (8.4) | ||
| 2 | URTI or ILI | ||||
| True ϕ | 700 (85.9) | 205 (83.7) | 495 (86.8) | 0.272★ | |
| False | 115 (14.1) | 40 (16.3) | 75 (13.2) | ||
| 3 | Hand-foot-mouth | ||||
| True ϕ | 779 (95.6) | 234 (95.5) | 545 (95.6) | 1.000★ | |
| False | 36 (4.4) | 11 (4.5) | 25 (4.4) | ||
| 4 | HIV | ||||
| True | 187 (22.9) | 45 (18.4) | 142 (24.9) | 0.046★* | |
| False ϕ | 628 (77.1) | 200 (81.6) | 428 (75.1) | ||
| 5 | Skin ulcer | ||||
| True ϕ | 605 (74.2) | 185 (75.5) | 420 (73.3) | 0.601★ | |
| False | 210 (25.8) | 60 (24.5) | 150 (26.3) | ||
| 6 | Eye infections | ||||
| True ϕ | 785 (96.3) | 238 (97.1) | 547 (96.0) | 0.431★ | |
| False | 30 (3.7) | 7 (2.9) | 23 (4.0) | ||
| 7 | Diabetes | ||||
| True | 27 (3.3) | 2 (0.8) | 25 (4.4) | 0.009 ** |
|
| False ϕ | 788 (96.7) | 243 (99.2) | 545 (95.6) | ||
| Are the following statements correct? | |||||
| 8 | Always keeping your hands clean may lower our body defense mechanism | ||||
| True | 644 (79.0) | 203 (82.9) | 441 (77.4) | 0.091★ | |
| False ϕ | 171 (21.0) | 42 (17.1) | 129 (22.6) | ||
| 9 | Hands should be held under water while lathering with soap | ||||
| True | 528 (64.8) | 119 (48.6) | 168 (29.5) | 0.000★*** | |
| False ϕ | 287 (35.2) | 126 (51.4) | 402 (70.5) | ||
| 10 | An alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contain 40% alcohol is sufficient for hands disinfectant | ||||
| True | 460 (56.4) | 132 (53.9) | 223 (39.1) | 0.000★*** | |
| False ϕ | 355 (43.6) | 113 (46.1) | 347 (60.9) | ||
| (Answer should be 60%) | |||||
| 11 | Rubbing my hands until soap forms a lather for 10 s before rinsing is enough for hand disinfection | ||||
| True | 350 (42.9) | 148 (60.4) | 317 (55.6.0) | 0.217★ | |
| False ϕ | 465 (57.1) | 97 (39.6) | 253 (44.4) | ||
| (Answer should be 20 s) | |||||
| 12 | Temperature of water makes no difference in terms of the cleansing effect of hand cleaning | ||||
| True ϕ | 560 (68.7) | 159 (64.9) | 401 (70.4) | 0.138★ | |
| False | 255 (31.3) | 86 (35.1) | 169 (29.6) | ||
| Total number of correct: (0 to 12) | 9.28 ± 1.75 | 9.06 ± 1.73 | 9.38 ± 1.75 | 0.017▲* | |
| mean ± standard deviation | |||||
ϕ correct answer
Fisher’s exact test
★ Chi-square test
▲ Independent t-test
* Statistically significant at p < 0.05; ** Statistically significant at p < 0.01; *** Statistically significant at p < 0.001