Table 2.
General characteristics of the included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
| OMERACT core outcome domains | Feasibility | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument | Target population | Subscale (number of items) | Acute gouta | Chronic goutb | Readabilityc | Availability |
| Multidimensional scales | ||||||
| SF-36v2 [34–37, 41, 43, 44] | Generic | Physical functioning (10), role-physical (4), bodily pain (2), general health (5), vitality (4), social functioning (2), role-emotional (3), mental health (5) | P, PGA, AL | HRQOL, P, PGA, AL | 5.6 | License fee may apply |
| MOS-20 [33] | Generic | Physical function (6), role functional (2), social functioning (1), mental health (5), current perception of health (5), pain (1) | P, PGA, AL | HRQOL, P, PGA, AL | 6.5 | Freely available |
| AIMS [33] | Arthritis | Mobility (4), physical activity (5), dexterity (5), household activity (7), social activities (4), activities of daily living (4), pain (4), depression (6), anxiety (6) | P, AL | HRQOL, P, AL | 5.6 | Freely available |
| GAQ 2.0 [34, 41, 43] | Gout | GIS (24), consists of 5 subscales: gout concern overall (4), gout medication side effects (2), unmet gout treatment need (3), well-being during attack (11), gout concern during attack (4) | PGA | AGA, HRQOL, P, PGA | 7.2d | Freely available |
| Unidimensional scales | ||||||
| HAQ-DI [15, 32, 33, 37–41, 43] | Generic | (43)e | AL | AL | 4.6 | Freely available |
| HAQ-II [15, 36, 37] | Rheumatic conditions | (10) | AL | AL | 4.0 | Freely available |
| TIQ-20 [42] | Tophaceous gout | (20) | – | TB | 5.6 | Freely available |
| RA-WIS [36] | RA | (23) | – | – | 3.7 | License fee may apply |
| Single-item PROMs | ||||||
| VAS painf [15, 35] | Multiple | (1) | P | P | 3.3g | Freely available |
| Likert painh [15] | Multiple | (1) | P | P | n/a | Freely available |
| NRS paini [15] | Multiple | (1) | P | P | n/a | Freely available |
| VAS PGAj [15, 35] | Multiple | (1) | PGA | PGA | 11.9k | Freely available |
| Physical function NRSl [15] | Gout | (1) | AL | AL | 12.7m | Freely available |
aOMERACT mandatory core outcome domains for acute gout are pain (P), joint swelling (JS), joint tenderness (JT), patient global assessment (PGA), activity limitation (AL) [10]
bOMERACT mandatory core outcome domains for chronic gout: serum uric acid (sUA), acute gout attack (AGA), tophus burden (TB), Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), activity limitations (AL), pain (P), patient global assessment (PGA) [10]
cA Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level score of ≤6 was desired, equivalent to 6th-grade education level or lower in the United States (12 years or lower)
dRated for the GIS section of the GAQ2.0 only
eBased upon the HAQ-DI Dutch consensus [51]
f100 mm VAS (0 = no to 100 = severe pain)
gRated for the following item “How much pain have you had because of your illness in the past week?” [35]
h5-point Likert scale (0 = no pain, 1 = mild pain, 2 = moderate pain, 3 = severe pain, 4 = extreme pain)
i11-point NRS (0 = no pain to 10 = extreme pain)
j100 mm VAS (0 = very well to 100 = very poor)
kRated for the following item “Considering all the ways that your arthritis affects you, rate how you are doing today on the following scale by placing a vertical mark on the line” [35]
l11-point NRS from WPAI:SHP v2.0 (0 = had no effect on my daily activities to 100 = completely prevented me from doing my daily activities) [52]
mRated for the following questionnaire item “During the past 7 days, how much did your gout attack affect your ability to do your regular daily activities, other than work at a job?”
PROMs patient-reported outcome measures; OMERACT outcome measures in rheumatology, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SF-36v2 Short Form-36 item version 2, MOS-20 Medical Outcomes Study 20-item Short Form Health Survey, AIMS Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, GAQ 2.0 Gout Assessment Questionnaire 2.0, GIS Gout Impact Scale, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Inde, HAQ-II Health Assessment Questionnaire-II, TIQ-20 20-item Tophus Impact Questionnaire, RA-WIS Rheumatoid Arthritis-Work Instability Scale, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, PGA patient global assessment, − not applicable, n/a not available