Table 3:
Model-estimated means and mean differences over time in psychosocial outcomes between groups
| Model-estimated means (SE) 1 | Mean change from baseline (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome and time point |
Education4 | Mobile mindfulness5 |
Telephone mindfulness6 |
Education | Mobile mindfulness |
Telephone mindfulness |
| PHQ-9 2 | ||||||
| Baseline | 7.1 (1.1) | 8.2 (0.8) | 7.6 (0.8) | |||
| 1 month | 5.8 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.6 (1.4) | −1.3 (−3.5, 0.9) |
−3.8 (−5.6, −1.9) |
−2.4 (−4.2, −0.7) |
| 3 months | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.1 (1.4) | −3.0 (−5.3, −0.8) |
−4.8 (−6.6, −2.9) |
−3.9 (−5.6, −2.2) |
| GAD-7 2 | ||||||
| Baseline | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.8 (0.7) | 5.1 (0.7) | |||
| 1 month | 4.1 (1.0) | 3.4 (0.8) | 2.8 (1.2) | −0.4 (−2.3,1.5) |
−1.4 (−3.0,0.1) |
−1.7 (−3.1, −0.2) |
| 3 months | 3.9 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.9 (1.2) | −0.6 (−2.5,1.3) | −2.1 (−3.7, −0.5) |
−1.6 (−3.0, −0.1) |
| PTSS 2 | ||||||
| Baseline | 21.4 (2.4) | 22.1 (1.9) | 21.9 (1.9) | |||
| 1 month | 20.4 (2.5) | 20.5 (2.0) | 19.7 (3.0) | −1.0 (−5.4,3.5) | −1.7 (−5.3, 2.0) |
−1.7 (−5.2, 1.7) |
| 3 months | 17.9 (2.5) | 19.6 (2.1) | 19.2 (3.0) | −3.5 (−8.0,1.0) | −2.6 (−6.3, 1.2) |
−2.2 (−5.6, 1.2) |
| PHQ-10 2 | ||||||
| Baseline | 11.0 (0.9) | 10.1 (0.7) | 10.1 (0.7) | |||
| 1 month | 7.6 (0.9) | 6.9 (0.8) | 8.4 (1.2) | −3.4 (−5.4, −1.5) |
−3.1 (−4.8, −1.5) |
−2.6 (−4.1, −1.1) |
| 3 months | 6.3 (1.0) | 4.7 (0.8) | 7.3 (1.2) | −4.8 (−6.8, −2.7) |
−5.3 (−7.0, −3.7) |
−3.7 (−5.2, −2.2) |
| QOL VAS 3 | ||||||
| Baseline | 71.8 (4.3) | 80.4 (3.3) | 74.3 (3.3) | |||
| 1 month | 72.5 (4.4) | 72.9 (3.7) | 72.6 (5.7) | 0.7 (−8.6, 9.9) |
−7.5 (−15.1, 0.2) |
0.8 (−6.4,8.0) |
| 3 months | 72.5 (4.5) | 77.6 (3.8) | 75.0 (5.7) | 0.7 (−8.9, 10.1) |
−2.7 (−10.6, 5.1) |
3.2 (−4.0,10.4) |
| CAMS-R 3 | ||||||
| Baseline | 30.1 (1.5) | 31.9 (1.1) | 31.2 (1.1) | |||
| 1 month | 30.0 (1.5) | 31.0 (1.2) | 28.7 (1.8) | −0.1 (−2.9, 2.6) |
−0.9 (−3.2, 1.3) |
−1.4 (−3.5, 0.8) |
| 3 months | 28.8 (1.5) | 32.6 (1.3) | 29.2 (1.8) | −1.3 (−4.1, 1.5) |
0.7 (−1.7, 3.0) |
−0.9 (−3.1, 1.3) |
| Brief COPE 3 | ||||||
| baseline | 13.8 (1.0) | 14.5 (0.7) | 13.0 (0.7) | |||
| 1 month | 13.1 (1.0) | 14.6 (0.8) | 15.2 (1.2) | −0.8 (−2.5, 1.0) |
0.05 (−1.4,1.5) |
1.4 (0.04, 2.7) |
| 3 months | 13.6 (1.0) | 14.1 (0.8) | 15.2 (1.2) | −0.2 (−2.0, 1.6) |
−0.5 (−1.9, 1.0) |
1.3 (−0.03, 2.7) |
Based on general linear models; no adjustment for covariates. Model estimated means are based on all patients, not just those with observations at 1 and 3 months.
Negative scores represent improvement
Positive scores represent improvement
n=18 at baseline, n=17 at 1 month, and n=16 at 3 months
n=31 at baseline, n=24 at 1 month, and n=22 at 3 months
n=31 at baseline, n=28 at 1 month, and n=28 at 3 months
PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale); GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale); PTSS (Post-Traumatic Stress Scale); PHQ-10 (Patient Health Questionnaire 10-item physical symptom scale); QOL VAS (quality of life 100-point visual analog scale); CAMS-R (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised Mindfulness instrument); Brief COPE (Brief coping inventory).