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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Anesth. 2019 Jan 11;55:116–127. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.12.043

Figure 4. Forest plot breast surgery.

Figure 4

18 studies investigating the effect of regional anesthesia for the prevention of persistent pain after breast surgery are grouped by intervention and shown on this forest plot. Each study is shown by a small blue square. The number of study participants and the confidence in the effect estimate are reflected in the size of the square and the lateral bars, respectively. Studies favoring regional anesthesia fall on the left of the midline of no effect. The pooled effect estimates are shown for each subgroup and for all studies as black diamonds. Pooling all studies results favors regional anesthesia (odds ratio 0.43; 95% CI [0.28, 0.68]). The number needed to benefit for paravertebral block for breast cancer surgery is about seven.