Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Anesth. 2019 Jan 11;55:116–127. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.12.043

Table 1. Table of surgeries, interventions, timing and outcomes by subgroup of pooled studies.

An overview of the surgeries, interventions employed, the timing and the outcomes observed is provided by surgical subgroup in this table. We were able to pool study data for the subgroups of thoracotomy, breast cancer surgery, hysterectomy, ICBG, cesarean section, and prostatectomy. The majority of studies investigated epidural analgesia for thoracotomy, but for breast surgery the regional anesthesia interventions were more varied, with four studies investigating paravertebral blocks and several studies using local infiltration and even including intravenous infusions. Three of the studies on ICBG used wound instillation and intravenous infusions, while for cesarean section transverse abdominal plain block was the most frequently employed technique. (Footnotes VAS: Visual Analogue Scale, VRS: Verbal Rating Scale, DN4: DN4 questionnaire, NRS: Numerical Rating Scale, SF-36: Short Form 36)

STUDY ID REGIONAL TECHNIQUE TIMING OF INTERVENTION ADJUVANTS OUTCOME CONTINUOUS FOLLOW-UP
BREAST CANCER SURGERY
ALBI- FELDZER 2013 Infiltration and intervertebral block Postincision, single shot vs placebo None Pain/no pain Brief Pain Index 3, 6 and 12 months
BAUDRY 2008 Local Infiltration Single shot, postincision vs control None Pain/no pain McGill results not reported 18 months
BESIC 2014 Local Infiltration Postincision, continuous post-op vs control None Pain/no pain None 3 months
FASSOULAKI 2000 Topical application Preincision, continuous post-op vs placebo Propoxyphene Pain/no pain Verbal Intensity Scale 3 months
FASSOULAKI 2001 Brachial plexus block Postincision, single shot vs placebo Mexiletine, propoxyphene Pain/no pain VAS 3 months
FASSOULAKI 2005 Topical application Postincision, continuous postop vs control Gabapentin Pain/no pain Analgesic consumption 6 months
GACIO 2016 Paravertebral block Single shot, preincision vs control Parecoxib, opioid and adrenaline Pain/no pain None 6 months
GRIGORAS 2012 IV lidocaine Preincision, continuous intra-op vs placebo None Pain/no pain Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 3 months
IBARRA 2011 Single shot, paravertebral block Single shot, preincision vs control None Phantom or neuropathic pain None 3 and 5 months
KAIRALUOMA 2006 Single shot, paravertebral block Single shot, preincision vs control None NRS > 3 Analgesic consumption 12 months
KARMAKAR 2014 Thoracic paravertebral block Single shot, pre vs post, continuous vs control Epinephrine Pain/no pain VRS 3 and 6 months
LAM 2015 Paravertebral block Not specified None Pain/no pain None 6 months
LEE 2013 Paravertebral block Preincision, continuous intra-op and post-op vs control Pregabalin Pain/no pain Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 3 months
MICHA 2012 Local infiltration with brachial plexus Postincision, single shot vs placebo None DN4 None 6 months
STRAZISAR 2012 Local infiltration Postincision, continuous post-op vs control None Pain/no pain None 3 months
STRAZISAR 2014 Local infiltration Postincision, continuous post-op vs control None Pain/no pain None 3 months
TECIRLI 2014 Intercostal nerve block Postincision, single shot vs control None DN4 VAS 3 months
TERKAWI 2015B IV lidocaine Preincision, continuous intra-op and post-op vs placebo None Pain/no pain VAS 6 months
CESAREAN SECTION
BOLLAG 2012 Transversus abdominis plane block Single shot, post-op vs placebo Clonidine None Short form McGill Pain Questionnaire 3, 6 and 12 months
LAVAND’HOM ME 2007 Wound irrigation Preincision, continuous post-op vs control None Pain/no pain Analgesic consumption 6 months
LOANE 2012 Transversus abdominis plane block Postincision, single shot vs placebo None Pain/no pain None 3 months
MCKEEN 2014 Transversus abdominis plane block Postincision, single shot vs placebo None None SF-36 6 months
SHAHIN 2010 Peritoneal instillation Postincision, single shot vs placebo None Pain/no pain NRS 8 months
SINGH 2013 Transversus abdominis plane block Postincision, single shot vs placebo None None NRS 3 months
ILIAC CREST BONE GRAFT
BARKHUYSEN 2010 Local Infiltration Postincision, single shot vs control Epinephrine Pain/no pain None 1 Year
GUNDES 2000 Wound Instillation Postincision, single shot vs placebo None Pain and dysesthesia vs none None 3 months
SINGH 2007 Wound Irrigation Postincision, continuous post-op vs control None Pain/no pain VAS, activity, Satisfaction 4.7 years
PROSTATECTOMY
BROWN 2004 Spinal Preincision, continuous intra-op vs placebo Clonidine Pain/no pain Numerical Pain Scale, SF-36 3 months
GUPTA 2006 Epidural Continuous, post-op vs placebo Adrenaline None SF-36 3 months
THORACATOMY
CAN 2013 Epidural Single shot, pre vs postincision, continuous vs control None Pain/no pain VAS, patient Satisfaction 6 months
COMEZ 2015 Epidural Preincision, continuous intra-op vs control Dexketoprofe, morphine, and fentanyl Pain/no pain VAS 3 and 6 months
JU 2008 Epidural Preincision and post-op vs control None Pain/no pain Allodynia 12 months
KATZ 1996 Intercostal nerve block Single shot, postincision vs control None Pain/no pain VRS, analgesic Consumption 18 months
LIU 2015 Wound Irrigation Postincision, continuous post-op vs control Fentanyl Pain/no pain None 3 months
LU 2008 Epidural Preincision vs post-op vs control None Pain/no pain None 6 months
SENTURK 2002 Epidural Preincision vs post-op vs control None Pain/no pain NRS, pain affecting living 6 months
VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY
PURWAR 2015 Spinal Single shot, preincision vs control Fentanyl None VAS, SF-36 3 months
SPRUNG 2006 Spinal Single shot, preincision vs control Clonidine None NRS, SF-36 3 months
ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY
WODLIN 2011 Spinal Single shot, preincision vs control None None SF-36 6 months