Laska 1981a

Methods	Multi‐arm RCT (2 studies reported in 1 publication; study E2).
Participants	Women with severe pain only, who gave consent, no complicating illness, were not breastfeeding and were expected to tolerate medication well at a maternity hospital, Caracus, Venezuela.
Interventions	E2 study: fenoprofen 12.5 mg (N = 24); fenoprofen 25 mg (N = 23); fenoprofen 50 mg (N = 23); fenoprofen 100 mg (N = 23) and fenoprofen 200 mg (N = 23). Comparison: placebo in both E1 study (N = 27) and E2 study (N = 23).
Outcomes	Pain relief (0 = none, 1 = 25%, 2 = 50%, 3 = 75%, 4 = 100%). Pain intensity (0 = no pain, 1 = slight pain, 2 = moderate pain, 3 = severe pain). Additional (rescue) medication. Data were obtained at baseline, and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after taking the medication. 5‐hour data used in this review (included at 6‐hour time‐frame).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No clear statement on method used.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No clear statement.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No clear statement.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Data on withdrawals due to need for rescue medication at < 2 hours not provided (or referred to in results section).
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Need for rescue medication not reported.
Other bias	Low risk	None apparent; ‘no significant differences between treatment groups’.