Table 1.

Summary of the anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea.

Type of extract or constituents	Study model	Result	Ref.
Oleracone and oleracimine	LPS-stimulated macrophages	Diminished the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, NO, prostaglandin E2, mRNA cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase	37
90% ethanolic macerated PO extract	LPS-stimulated AGS gastric cancer cells	Decreased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression	38
PO aqueous extract	HUVECs cells	Suppressed the TNF-α-induced ROS over-production, overexpression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E- selectin, IL-8, MCP-1, translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and NF-κB binding. Prevented the adhesion of HL-60 cells to TNF-α-induced HUVECs.	7
PO 80% ethanolic extract	hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema in mouse	Reduced the vascular permeability, NF-κB up-regulation, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin	12
CPOP	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat	Alleviated TNF-α, IL-6, SOD and MDA levels	6