Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Main Author (country) | Study Type | Sample | Gender (M/F) | Intervention | Number of Treatments | Duration (months) | Control Group | Measured Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerritelli 2015 (Italy) | RCT | 105 | 36/69 | SM | 8 | 6 | (1) Sham + medication (2) medication only | HIT-6*, migraine days, pain intensity, medication use, functional disability |
| Chaibi 2017 (Norway) | RCT | 104† | 14/83 | SM | 12 | 3 | (1) Sham (2) Usual pharmacological management | migraine days*, duration*, intensity, headache index*, medication use |
| Voigt 2011 (Germany) | RCT | 42 | 00/42 | SM | 5 | 2.5 | Usual pharmacological management | MIDAS*, SF-36 (some domains*), German “Pain Questionnaire”*, HRQOL, migraine days, pain intensity* |
| Tuchin 2000 (Australia) | RCT | 123 | 39/86††† | SM | 16 | 2 | Detuned interferential therapy (placebo) | migraine frequency*, intensity, duration*, disability*, associated symptoms, medication use* |
| Nelson 1998 (USA) | RCT | 218†† | 46/172 | SM | 14 | 2 | (1) Medication (2) spinal manipulation + medication | Headache Index score (including headache frequency and severity), SF-36, medication use |
| Parker 1978 (Australia) | RCT | 85 | 33/52 | SM | 8–16 | 2 | Cervical mobilization | duration, pain, disability, migraine frequency |
Note. HIT-6,Headache Impact Test; MIDAS, Migraine Disability Assessment; SF-36, Short Form-36; HRQOL, Health Related Quality of Life; HI score, Headache Index; EPI, Eysenck Personality Inventory; GHQ-30, 30-item General Health Questionnaire; SM, spinal manipulation
Indicates outcome significantly improved comparing spinal manipulation to the control group.
Note: This is number of participants who were randomized. One participant in the spinal manipulation group, one participant in the sham group, and five participants in the usual pharmacological management group dropped out prior to baseline assessment.
Note: This is number of participants who were randomized. Five participants in the medication group did not accept their treatment assignment.
127 subject agreed to enter the trial and 123 subjects completed the trial. This study reported gender for 125 subjects.