Table 1:
Age-adjusted characteristics of men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), according to hearing status (2006)
| No hearing difficulty | Mild hearing loss | Moderate hearing loss | Severe hearing loss, no hearing aid | Severe hearing loss, use hearing aid | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 5403 | 2836 | 1049 | 196 | 623 |
| Age, years* | 66.4 (6.2) | 67.7 (6.6) | 69.8 (7.4) | 69.2 (7.1) | 72.7 (7.6) |
| White race, % | 95.9 | 97.4 | 97.6 | 96.3 | 99.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.0 (3.8) | 26.5 (3.9) | 26.6 (3.9) | 27.4 (4.9) | 26.4 (3.8) |
| Waist circumference (2008), cm | 99.4 (10.7) | 100.8 (11.1) | 100.5 (10.4) | 102.4 (10.4) | 100.7 (11.4) |
| Smoking, % | |||||
| Never | 53.4 | 49.3 | 44.6 | 45.6 | 50.0 |
| Past | 43.2 | 47.5 | 53.3 | 51.5 | 49.2 |
| Current | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 |
| Physical activity, METs/week† | 48.9 | 50.0 | 54.5 | 49.2 | 49.5 |
| Hypertension, % | 47.7 | 48.7 | 54.0 | 48.3 | 49.5 |
| Diabetes, % | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 9.9 |
| Elevated cholesterol, % | 59.8 | 61.6 | 64.3 | 62.0 | 68.7 |
| AMED diet score‡ | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| Aspirin use (2+/wk), % | 60.3 | 63.5 | 65.2 | 54.9 | 63.4 |
| Ibuprofen use, (2+/wk), % | 19.2 | 22.5 | 24.3 | 21.8 | 23.4 |
| Acetaminophen use, (2+/wk), % | 11.3 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.2 | 13.7 |
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
Values of polytomous variables may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
*
Value is not age-adjusted
†
Metabolic equivalents from recreational and leisure-time activities
‡
AMED Score: measure of adherence to the Alternate Mediterranean diet (range 0–9)