TABLE 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| CFR ≤1.5 (n = 26) | CFR >1.5 (n = 63) | Total (N = 89) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 60.8 (54.5-65.5) | 59.3 (49.3-64.9) | 59.8 (51.4-65.1) | 0.44 |
| Female | 5 (19) | 21 (33) | 26 (29) | 0.21 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 (24.0-31.0) | 28.7 (25.8-33.1) | 28.0 (25.7-33.0) | 0.18 |
| Race | 0.79 | |||
| Caucasian | 22 (85) | 48 (76) | 70 (79) | |
| African American | 2 (8) | 9 (14) | 11 (12) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (4) | 4 (6) | 5 (6) | |
| Other/unknown | 1 (4) | 2 (3) | 3 (3) | |
| Transplantation factors | ||||
| Time since transplantation, yrs | 7.5 (3.74-13.59) | 5.94 (1.01-9.00) | 6.98 (2.04-11.01) | 0.13 |
| Indication for transplantation | 0.17 | |||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 9 (35) | 28 (44) | 37 (42) | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 16 (62) | 27 (43) | 43 (48) | |
| Other | 1 (4) | 9 (14) | 10 (11) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Previously documented CAV | 4 (15) | 1 (2) | 5 (6) | 0.024 |
| Revascularization post-HT | 1 (4) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.50 |
| Previous rejections | 1.93 ± 0.66 | 0.51 ± 0.10 | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (42) | 21 (33) | 32 (36) | 0.47 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 2 (8) | 3 (5) | 5 (6) | 0.63 |
| Prior transient ischemic attack/stroke | 2 (8) | 4 (6) | 6 (7) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (42) | 19 (30) | 30 (34) | 0.33 |
| Immunosuppressants | ||||
| Cyclosporine | 13 (50) | 32 (51) | 45 (51) | 1.00 |
| Tacrolimus | 6 (23) | 18 (29) | 24 (27) | 0.79 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 20 (77) | 55 (87) | 75 (84) | 0.34 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (4) | 3 (5) | 4 (4) | 1.00 |
| Sirolimus | 8 (31) | 15 (24) | 23 (26) | 0.60 |
| Cardiovascular medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 8 (31) | 17 (27) | 25 (28) | 0.80 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 11 (42) | 35 (56) | 46 (52) | 0.35 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 6 (23) | 13 (21) | 19 (21) | 0.78 |
| Angiotensin-receptor blocker | 7 (27) | 20 (32) | 27 (30) | 0.80 |
| Diuretics | 17 (65) | 28 (44) | 45 (51) | 0.10 |
| Aspirin | 15 (58) | 44 (70) | 59 (66) | 0.33 |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (4) | 4 (6) | 5 (6) | 1.00 |
| Statins | 19 (73) | 55 (87) | 74 (83) | 0.12 |
| Insulin | 9 (35) | 14 (22) | 23 (26) | 0.29 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Creatinine | 1.6 (1.3-2.0) | 1.4 (1.2-1.9) | 1.5 (1.2-1.85) | 0.29 |
| Low-density lipoprotein | 93 (65-114) | 78 (58-101) | 80 (61-104) | 0.16 |
Values are median (interquartile range), n (%), or mean ± SEM. Bold values are statistically significant. CAV = cardiac allograft vasculopathy; CFR = coronary flow reserve; HT = heart transplantation.