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. 2019 Apr 12;9:6011. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42163-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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VacA increases [Ca²⁺]_i in A7r5 cells. (a) [Ca²⁺]_i was measured in A7r5 cells treated with 0, 0.03, 0.3, or 3 µM of VacA with vehicle (n = 6). (b–d) [Ca²⁺]_i was measured in A7r5 cells treated with 0.3 µM of VacA with vehicle, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 nM of the PLC inhibitor U73122 (n = 6, b); 0.01, 0.1, and 1 nM of the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (n = 6, c); or 1:1000, 1:500 and 1:250 dilutions of an anti-VacA antibody (n = 6, d). The values are presented as the means ± SEM. Differences were considered significant at *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01.