Fig. 4.

Whole blood levels of RAS and HK1 are altered in Fmr1 knockout mice in a treatment-dependent manner. a De novo protein synthesis is altered in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse whole blood compared to wild-type (n = 4 WT and n = 4 KO, p < 0.05. b Diagram of how mass spectrometry data (mass spec) were used to compile lists of potential biomarker candidates c) Schema of PF treatment (top) western blots of Hk1 and Ras normalized to Transferrin receptor (Tffr) (middle) and quantification (bottom) (Hk1 KO Veh n = 8, Hk1 KO PF n = 5, p = 0.81; Ras KO Veh n = 8, Ras KO PF n = 10, p = 0.008). d Schema of metformin treatment (top) western blots of Hk1 and Ras normalized to Transferrin receptor (Tffr) (middle) and quantification (bottom). (Hk1 KO Veh n = 6, Hk1 KO Met n = 8, p = 0.24, Ras KO Veh n = 7, KO Met n = 5, p = 0.03) All graphs are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses using Student’s t-test. Outliers were determined a priori as being 2 SD outside of the mean or if the signal to noise ratio was too low on the western blots. Whole blood has high background because of the presence of IgGs and therefore some blots had higher background than brain resulting in the need for higher cohort size to ensure the minimum number of final data points