TABLE 1.

Definitions of each of the dependent variables in the cognitive tasks, including the features of the concurrent EEG collected in all tasks¹

Task	Variable	Direction of improvement2	Definition
SRT	RT	↓	Median RT for correct responses
GNG	RT	↓	Median RT for correct responses
ANT	RT, 0 cues	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with 0 cues (RT0)
	RT, 2 cues	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with 2 cues (RT2)
	RT, alerting	↑	RT0 - RT2
	RT, center cue	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with center cues (RTC)
	RT, spatial cues	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with spatial cues (RTS)
	RT, orienting	↑	RTC - RTS
	RT, consistent flankers	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with consistent flankers (RTn)
	RT, inconsistent flankers	↓	Median RT for correct responses to stimuli with inconsistent flankers (RTi)
	RT, conflict	↑	RTn - RTi
CRT	RT, new items	↓	Median RT for correct responses to new stimuli presented with all 4 quadrants visible
	RT, old items	↓	Median RT for correct responses to old stimuli presented with all 4 quadrants visible
	Sensitivity (d')	↑	Sensitivity to the presence of old items with all found quadrants visible, calculated as d' = Z−1(hit rate) − Z−1(false alarm rate)
	Bias (c)	↓↑3	Propensity to report an item with all 4 quadrants visible as old, calculated as c = [Z−1(hit rate) + Z−1(false alarm rate)]
	PCC	↑	Percentage change in capacity, based on the proportionality estimate β∧ obtained from the proportional hazards model, = × 100
SMS	RT, intercept, new items	↓	Intercept from equation regressing RT for new items on number of items
	RT, intercept, old items	↓	Intercept from equation regressing RT for old items on number of items
	RT, slope, new items	↓	Slope from equation regressing RT for new items on number of items
	RT, slope, old items	↓	Slope from equation regressing RT for old items on number of items
EEG	Peak amplitude, P1	↑	Peak amplitude of the first positive-going ERP, indexing initial perceptual encoding
	Peak amplitude, N1	↓	Peak amplitude of the first negative-going ERP, indexing object-level representation
	Peak amplitude, P2	↑	Peak amplitude of the second positive-going ERP indexing semantic processing
	α-band power, normalized, change from baseline	↑	Normalized change in power in the 8–15 Hz band, reflecting relaxed, focused attention and responses to changes in task difficulty
	γ-band power, normalized, change from baseline	↑	Normalized change in power in the 30–90 Hz band, reflecting effortful sustained attention

¹ANT, attentional network task; CRT, cued recognition task; EEG, electroencephalography; ERP, event-related potential; GNG, go/no-go task; PCC, percentage change in capacity; RT, reaction time; SMS, Sternberg memory search task; SRT, simple reaction time task.

²Indicates which direction (higher or lower) indicates better performance.

³Optimal or unbiased performance is near zero; deviation from zero in either direction indicates either a conservative (<0) or liberal (>0) response bias.