Fig. 3.

TAK-071 had a wider margin between doses leading to cognitive improvement and diarrhea induction than T-662. a Effects of donepezil, rivastigmine, TAK-071, and T-662 on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the novel object recognition test in rats. Data are represented as mean + SEM (n = 7–9); *p ≤ 0.05 compared with the vehicle-treated control group (Aspin–Welch t-test); ^#p ≤ 0.05 compared with the vehicle-scopolamine-treated group (two-tailed Williams’ test) or ^$p ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed Shirley–Williams’ test). b Effects of donepezil and TAK-071 on time-dependent memory decay in naive rats. Data are expressed as mean + SEM (n = 10); *p ≤ 0.05 between ITIs of 1 and 48 h in the vehicle-treated group (Aspin–Welch t-test). c Effects of donepezil, rivastigmine, TAK-071, and T-662 on diarrhea induction in rats, and d effects of TAK-071 (3 mg/kg) and T-662 (10 mg/kg) on diarrhea induction in wild-type and M₁KO mice. The severity of diarrhea was scored as follows: 0, normal pellets; 1, wet but formed feces; 2, loose or mucous feces; 3, severe watery diarrhea. The maximum score obtained during observation up to 4 or 6 h was adopted. Data are expressed as mean + SEM (n = 6–10). For c and d, ^#p ≤ 0.05 compared with the vehicle-treated group by a two-tailed Williams’ test; ^$p ≤ 0.05 compared with the vehicle-treated group by a two-tailed Shirley–Williams’ test; *p ≤ 0.05 compared by the Aspin–Welch t-test; ^NSp > 0.05 compared by the Aspin–Welch t-test. ITI intertrial interval, NDI novelty discrimination index, NS not significant, SEM standard error of the mean