Table 2.
Patients’ characteristics and their effects on SIM
| Characteristics | Control group | SIM group | Univariate logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or mean ± SD | n (%) or mean ± SD | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Demographic data | |||||
| Total no. | 707 | 51 | |||
| Age | 63.19 ± 10.33 | 61.40 ± 10.93 | 0.984 (0.958–1.011) | 0.2356 | |
| Sex | Female | 167 (23.62) | 15 (29.41) | 0.740 (0.396–1.386) | 0.3473 |
| Male | 540 (76.38) | 36 (70.59) | |||
| Dosage (mg) | 5 | 13 (1.84) | 1 (1.96) | 1.011 (0.928–1.103) | 0.7955 |
| 10 | 619 (87.55) | 44 (86.27) | |||
| 20 | 75 (10.61) | 6 (11.76) | |||
| Medical history | |||||
| Arrhythmia | No | 657 (92.93) | 49 (96.08) | 0.546 (0.129–2.311) | 0.4107 |
| Yes | 50 (7.07) | 2 (3.92) | |||
| Heart failure | No | 654 (92.50) | 51 (100) | 1.536 (0.344–6.851) | 0.5736 |
| Yes | 53 (7.50) | 0 (0) | |||
| Hypertension | No | 322 (45.54) | 24 (47.06) | 0.937 (0.530–1.657) | 0.8242 |
| Yes | 385 (54.46) | 27 (52.94) | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | No | 627(88.68) | 46 (90.20) | 0.860 (0.332–2.228) | 0.7561 |
| Yes | 80 (11.32) | 5 (9.80) | |||
| Biochemical measurements | |||||
| ALT, U/L | 32.77 ± 27.72 | 29.74 ± 18.53 | 0.995 (0.981–1.009) | 0.4669 | |
| AST, U/L | 32.47 ± 30.03 | 35.25 ± 38.19 | 1.075 (0.611–1.893) | 0.0636 | |
| CREA, μmol/L | 88.19 ± 33.26 | 83.17 ± 34.28 | 0.994 (0.984–1.005) | 0.2991 | |
| CK, U/L | 133.96 ± 239.30 | 174.21 ± 371.57 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.2977 | |
| APOA, g/L | 1.08 ± 0.27 | 1.02 ± 0.21 | 0.418 (0.119–1.464) | 0.1724 | |
| CHOL, mmol/L | 4.45 ± 1.29 | 4.61 ± 1.48 | 1.086 (0.890–1.325) | 0.4159 | |
| CKMB, U/L | 8.03 ± 9/94 | 8.57 ± 11.29 | 1.004 (0.980–1.029) | 1.0040 | |
| HDLC, mmol/L | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 0.98 ± 0.16 | 0.563 (0.170–1.870) | 0.3484 | |
| LDLC, mmol/L | 2.73 ± 1.04 | 2.87 ± 1.25 | 1.125 (0.874–1.446) | 0.3604 | |
| Lpa, mg/L | 274.04 ± 309.39 | 246.49 ± 219.43 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.5173 | |
| TRIG, mmol/L | 1.58 ± 1.06 | 1.63 ± 1.02 | 1.041 (0.805–1.345) | 0.7602 | |
| Medication | |||||
| β-blockers | No | 85 (12.02) | 7 (13.73) | 0.863 (0.377–1.978) | 0.1211 |
| Yes | 622 (87.98) | 44 (86.27) | |||
| ACEIs | No | 294 (41.58) | 22 (43.14) | 0.934 (0.526–1.659) | 0.8164 |
| Yes | 413 (58.42) | 29 (56.86) | |||
| CCBs | No | 506 (71.57) | 40 (78.43) | 0.693 (0.349–1.378) | 0.2960 |
| Yes | 201 (28.43) | 11(21.57) | |||
| PPIs | No | 338(47.81) | 23 (45.10) | 1.105 (0.624–1.956) | 0.7313 |
| Yes | 369 (52.19) | 28(54.90) | |||
| Clopidogrel | No | 13 (1.84) | 1 (1.96) | 0.941 (0.121–7.337) | 0.9535 |
| Yes | 694 (98.16) | 50 (98.04) | |||
| Aspirin | No | 25 (3.11) | 2 (3.92) | 0.790 (0.181–3.458) | 0.7545 |
| Yes | 682 (96.89) | 49 (96.08) | |||
| Plasma concentrations | |||||
| RST | 3.64 ± 4.21 | 3.54 ± 4.75 | 0.900 (0.789–1.027) | 0.1177 | |
| RSTL | 0.48 ± 0.54 | 0.49 ± 0.53 | 0.971 (0.799–1.178) | 0.7634 | |
| DM-RST | 0.49 ± 0.86 | 0.47 ± 0.71 | 0.889 (0.695–1.136) | 0.3469 | |
ALT alanine aminotransferase, APOA apolipoprotein a, CCBs calcium channel blockers, CHOL cholesterol, CK creatine kinase, CKMB creatine kinase MB, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lpa lipoprotein (a), PPIs proton pump inhibitors, TRIG triglyceride