High hepatic, but not tumoural expression of PDK4 is associated with improved survival in patients undergoing surgical resection of CRLM. a Left: Kaplan–Meier curves revealing the survival of patients with high (green curves) versus low (black curves) intrahepatic expression of PDK4 (n = 52; all patients from CRLMx cohort). Right: Kaplan–Meier curves indicating the survival of patients with high versus low intrahepatic PDK4 expression, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) plus right hemi-hepatectomy (n = 23 patients from CRLMx cohort). Note increased survival of patients with high intrahepatic PDK4 expression. b, c Serum markers indicating liver function in all patients from the CRLMx cohort (left panels in b, c; n = 52) and in the subgroup with NC plus resection (right panels in b, c; n = 23 patients from CRLMx cohort), assessed 1 week after right hemi-hepatectomy. Note lower INRs and bilirubin concentrations indicating improved liver function, in patients with high hepatic PDK4 expression (green bars) compared to those with low PDK4 mRNA expression (black bars). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. d Left: Kaplan–Meier curves revealing the survival of patients with high versus low intrametastatic expression of PDK4 (n = 52; all patients from CRLMx cohort). Right: Kaplan–Meier curves indicating the survival of patients with high versus low intrametastatic PDK4 expression, undergoing NC plus right hemi-hepatectomy (n = 21 patients from CRLMx cohort). e Kaplan–Meier curves revealing the survival of patients with high versus low PDK4 expression within healthy colon mucosa (left) and within primary colorectal tumours (right; n = 33 patients from CRCx cohort). Note decreased survival of patients with high intratumoural PDK4 expression (right).