Table 1.

Comparison of models of lifespan, early fecundity, and total fecundity across diet treatments

	Model	Lifespan	Early fecundity	Total fecundity
1	~ Intercept	5%	3.1%	1.1%
2	~ Diet	0%	10.3%	0%
3	~ Diet + (Sire ID)	0%	0.0%	2.1%
4	~ Diet + (Dam ID by Sire ID) + [Vial ID by Dam ID]a	0%	86.6%	19.4%
5	~ Diet + (Sire ID) + (Dam ID by Sire ID) + [Vial ID by Dam ID]a	0%	0%	0%
6	~ Diet + (Sire ID) + (Dam ID by Sire ID) + (Sire ID by Diet) + [Vial ID by Dam ID]a	95.1%	0%	77.4%

Models 1 and 2 do not include any aspects of pedigree, and models 3–6 use a hierarchical model. Terms in parentheses are random effects. All random effects were “intercept” terms, allowing separate intercepts for each level of sire ID, dam ID nested in sire ID, or sire ID nested in diet treatment

^aOnly the models for lifespan included this vial effect because the response variable for fecundity is a vial average