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. 2018 Jul 19;26(5):860–876. doi: 10.1038/s41418-018-0164-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — LUBEL is required for mounting an immune response upon oral infection with Gram-negative bacteria. a Adult wild-type Canton^S, dredd^L23 and lubel^Mi mutant flies were subjected to septic injury with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15 and their survival was monitored over time. Error bars indicate SEM from more than 10 independent experimental repeats using at least 20 flies per repeat. b Adult Canton^S, dredd^L23 and lubel^Mi mutant flies were infected by septic injury with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15. Relish activation was studied by analysing the expression of Drosocin with qPCR. Error bars indicate SEM from more than 10 independent experimental repeats using at least 10 flies per repeat. c Adult Canton^S, Rel^E20 and lubel^Mi mutant flies were infected by feeding with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15 and their survival was monitored over time. Error bars indicate SEM from three independent experimental repeats using at least 20 flies per repeat. d Adult Canton^S, dredd^L23 and lubel^Mi mutant flies were infected by feeding with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15. Canton^S flies fed with LB-sucrose were used as controls. Relish activation was studied by analysing the expression of Drosocin with qPCR. Error bars indicate SEM from three independent experimental repeats using at least 10 flies per repeat. e Adult female DaGal4,Dipt-lacZ and lubel^Mi;DaGal4,Dipt-lacZ mutant flies were infected by feeding with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15 for 8 h. Intestines were dissected and stained for β-galactosidase activity, n = 3. f Canton^S and lubel^Mi mutant flies were infected by feeding with the Gram-negative bacteria Ecc15 for 24 h. Intestines were dissected and stained for phospho-histone H3. All phospho-histone H3-positive cells in midguts prepared and stained were counted for statistics, error bars indicate SEM from four independent experimental repeats and the number of intestines analysed are indicated in brackets. g Canton^S and lubel^Mi mutant flies were infected by feeding with ampicillin-resistant E. coli for 24 h and the bacterial load was assessed by counting colony-forming units (CFU); error bars indicate SEM from three independent experimental repeats. ns nonsignificant, nonsignificant, * p< 0.05, ** p< 0.01, *** p< 0.001