Figure 1.

The Incredible Years Parenting Pyramid®, adapted with permission from ©The Incredible Years (8). Levels 1–3 are the parent’s main focus to prevent problem behaviours, with levels 1 and 2 implemented liberally across a variety of environments. Level 1, the bottom, promotes child resiliency development and creation of strong parent–child relationship; always consider seeking supports to foster parent resilience because parents need to maintain their own mental and physical health to get to the bottom of the pyramid. At level 3, limit-setting is the goal, begun as soon as limits are tested, preferably starting in late infancy and evolving as the child’s development progresses. Levels 4 and 5 are used more selectively, to respond to specific undesired behaviours.