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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Chem. 2018 Nov 30;3(1):15–34. doi: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x

Fig. 4 |. Examples of new reductive coupling reactions.

Fig. 4 |

a | Isocyanide insertion into metaiiacydopentenes can result in imido extrusion and formal [4+1] coupling with Ti, while intermediate products can be isolated with the heavier Hf congener. b | Nitrile reductive couplings lead to diazatitanacyclopentadienes that can undergo further reaction to make new π-conjugated materials. c | A general mechanistic scheme for early-transition-metal-catalysed cyclotrimerization catalysis (left) and new advances in selective heterocyclization catalysed by simple reduced Nb complexes. DCE, 1,2- dichloroethane; DME, 1,2-dimethoxyethane; equiv., equivalents; THF, tetrahydrofuran; TM, transition metal; TMS, trimethylsilyl