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. 2019 Mar 31;2019:7564207. doi: 10.1155/2019/7564207

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Kaempferol protects mesangial cells against D-ribose-induced apoptosis via the caspase-3/9 pathway. (a-c) Mesangial cells were subjected to D-ribose for 48 h in the presence of kaempferol (1, 2, and 5 μM). (a) Apoptotic nuclei were identified using Hoechst 33258 staining, bar = 100 μm. (b) Apoptotic cells were identified by double staining with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB). Cells which took up both dyes were classified as apoptotic cells, bar = 100 μm. (c) Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and cleaved PARP. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM from independent experiments. Comparisons between multiple groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Turkey posttest. ##P < 0.01, relative to the control group; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01, relative to the D-ribose group.