Table 1.
Daily intake of fruit, vegetables and fruit and vegetables of 4479 adult participants by socio-demographic and health variables, Kenya national STEPS survey 2015
| Variable | Sample | Fruit servings/day | Vegetable servings/day | Fruit and vegetable servings/day | Fruits (≥2 servings)/Day | Vegetables (≥3 servings)/Day | Fruit and vegetable (<5 servings)/Day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | % | % | % | |
| Socio-demographics | |||||||
| All Age in years | 4479 | 0.78 (1.2) | 1.31 (1.1) | 2.09 (1.7) | 12.4 | 7.4 | 94.0 |
| 18-29 | 1494 (33.4) | 0.84 (1.2) | 1.18 (1.0) | 2.02 (1.6) | 13.6 | 4.8 | 94.4 |
| 30-44 | 1702 (38.0) | 0.75 (1.3) | 1.39 (1.1) | 2.14 (1.8) | 10.6 | 9.4 | 93.9 |
| 45-59 | 869 (19.4) | 0.73 (1.2) | 1.43 (1.0) | 2.17 (1.6) | 12.3 | 10.3 | 94.3 |
| 60-69 | 414 (9.2) | 0.68 (1.2)* | 1.48 (1.2)* | 2.15 (1.6) | 12.2 | 9.6* | 90.5 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 2690 (60.1) | 0.73 (1.1) | 1.33 (1.1) | 2.06 (1.7) | 11.8 | 8.3 | 94.8 |
| Male | 1789 (39.8) | 0.84 (1.2)* | 1.28 (1.1) | 2.12 (1.7) | 12.9 | 6.5 | 93.2* |
| Education | |||||||
| Primary school complete or more | 2631 (58.7) | 0.89 (1.1) | 1.36 (1.0) | 2.25 (1.6) | 15.1 | 7.1 | 93.8 |
| No/ Primary school incomplete | 1848 (41.3) | 0.58 (1.2)* | 1.21 (1.2)* | 1.79 (1.8)* | 7.5* | 8.0 | 94.4 |
| Wealth quintile | |||||||
| Poorest/Second | 1792 (39.8) | 0.62 (1.2) | 1.29 (1.1) | 1.91 (1.8) | 8.7 | 8.7 | 94.0 |
| Middle | 896 (18.3) | 0.84 (1.3) | 1.50 (1.1) | 2.34 (1.9) | 11.5 | 10.4 | 92.5 |
| Fourth/Richest | 1791 (41.9) | 0.91 (1.0)* | 1.24 (1.0)* | 2.15 (1.5)* | 16.2* | 4.9 | 94.7 |
| Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 2300 (51.4) | 0.75 (1.3) | 1.37 (1.2) | 2.13 (1.8) | 11.3 | 9.3 | 92.8 |
| Urban | 2179 (48.6) | 0.83 (1.0)* | 1.20 (0.9) | 2.03 (1.4)* | 14.0 | 4.3* | 96.0* |
| Ethnic group | |||||||
| Kikuyu | 666 (14.9) | 1.07 (1.2) | 1.33 (0.9) | 2.40 (1.5) | 22.0 | 8.2 | 93.2 |
| Luo | 434 (10.1) | 0.99 (1.6) | 1.65 (1.4) | 2.64 (2.1) | 15.2 | 13.5 | 89.2 |
| Other | 3379 (74.9) | 0.70 (1.1)* | 1.26 (1.0)* | 1.95 (1.6)* | 10.1* | 6.4* | 94.8* |
| Health variables | |||||||
| Less than BMI <30 kg/m2 | 3824 (91.0) | 0.76 (1.2) | 1.30 (1.1) | 2.06 (1.7) | 11.6 | 7.2 | 94.1 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (Obesity) | 444 (9.0) | 0.99 (1.2)* | 1.34 (1.0) | 2.34 (1.8) | 20.0* | 7.7 | 92.4 |
| No central obesity | 3568 (87.2) | 0.77 (1.2) | 1.29 (1.1) | 2.05 (1.7) | 11.6 | 7.0 | 94.0 |
| Central obesity | 698 (12.8) | 0.89 (1.1)* | 1.43 (1.1)* | 2.33 (1.7)* | 17.7* | 8.6 | 93.1 |
| Physical activity (Moderate/High) | 3854 (89.1) | 1.65 (1.6) | 1.72 (1.1) | 3.37 (2.2) | 12.7 | 7.7 | 93.9 |
| Physical activity (Low) | 529 (10.9) | 1.27 (1.2)* | 1.46 (1.0)* | 2.73 (1.8)* | 8.8 | 5.9 | 96.3* |
| No current tobacco use | 3930 (86.7) | 0.80 (1.2) | 1.32 (1.1) | 2.11 (1.7) | 12.9 | 7.6 | 93.9 |
| Current tobacco use | 549 (13.3) | 0.68 (1.2)* | 1.25 (1.1) | 1.93 (1.7)* | 8.9 | 6.3 | 94.6 |
| No past month binge drinking | 3997 (86.5) | 0.77 (1.2) | 1.31 (1.1) | 2.08 (1.7) | 12.4 | 7.6 | 94.0 |
| Past month binge drinking | 482 (13.5) | 0.87 (1.2) | 1.29 (1.0) | 2.16 (1.6) | 12.2 | 6.4 | 94.0 |
*
<0.01