Table 3.
Circadian aMT6s rhythm responses1 to exercise at 8 times of day (mean ± SD)
| Response | ALL2 | 1:00 am3 | 4:00 am | 7:00 am | 10:00 am | 1:00 pm | 4:00 pm | 7:00 pm | 10:00 pm | ANOVA2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrophase shift: | ||||||||||
| Group size | 101 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 12 | F = 1.63 |
| Mean (h) | –1.2 | –0.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 | –0.1 | 0.7* | 0.2 | –0.1 | –0.6 | P = 0.137 |
| ± SD (h) | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Onset shift: | ||||||||||
| Group size | 99 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 15 | 11 | F = 3.54 |
| Mean (h) | –1.2 | –0.3 | –0.1 | 0.9* a,b | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | –0.5a | –0.7* b | P = 0.002 |
| ± SD (h) | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | |
| Offset shift: | ||||||||||
| Group size | 97 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 15 | 11 | F = 0.75 |
| Mean (h) | –1.0 | –0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | –0.4 | 0.1 | –0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | P = 0.634 |
| ± SD (h) | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Duration change: | ||||||||||
| Group size | 97 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 15 | 11 | F = 2.56 |
| Mean (h) | –0.2 | 0.1 | –0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.3a | –0.7* a | –0.8* | P = 0.019 |
| ± SD (h) | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |
1Phase‐shifts and peak duration changes listed under each time (1:00 am to 10:00 pm) were normalized by subtracting from each individual difference (pre‐ minus post‐exercise) the mean uncorrected difference (first column, ALL) calculated from the entire sample (Fig. 2 and Table 2).
2Statistics in this column (ALL) are for uncorrected individual Difference values (Table 2) of all eight time points combined. Results of one‐way ANOVA on time of exercise appear in the right‐most column.
*Asterisks denote means differing from zero (P < 0.05, single sample t test). Time point means identified by shared lowercase letters denote same‐row means that differ from each other (Tukey's post hoc comparison, P < 0.05).