Effects of hexosamine pathway activation and inhibition on leptin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
A, effects of GlcN (2 mm, 24 h) and/or iron (100 μg/ml FAC) on leptin mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 cells (n = 7 independent determinations, normalized to β-actin mRNA). B, effects of treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with an OGT inhibitor (OSMI-1, 50 μmol/liter, 24 h) and/or iron on leptin mRNA (n = 7 independent determinations, normalized to β-actin mRNA). C and D, effects of treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with OSMI-1 on leptin protein. The cells were harvested after the 24-h treatment and leptin quantified by Western blotting. C, representative Western blotting. D, quantification of blots, n = 4 independent determinations, normalized to α-tubulin. Shown are means ± S.E. *, p < 0.05; ‡, p < 0.01; §, p < 0.001 by ANOVA.