Table 1. Descriptive table of characteristics of beneficiaries aged 55–77 in 2016 and 2017.
| Variables | Number of enrollees (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2017 | |
| All | 3,928,193 (100.0) | 4,422,004 (100.0) |
| Age | ||
| 55–59 | 836,892 (21.30) | 849,808 (19.22) |
| 60–64 | 756,258 (19.25) | 768,632 (17.38) |
| 65–69 | 958,532 (24.40) | 1,125,583 (25.45) |
| 70–74 | 956,414 (24.35) | 1,156,568 (26.15) |
| 75–77 | 420,097 (10.69) | 521,413 (11.79) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 2,116,549 (53.88) | 2,380,691 (53.84) |
| Male | 1,811,644 (46.12) | 2,041,313 (46.16) |
| Insurance | ||
| HMO | 1,088,600 (27.71) | 1,106,834 (25.03) |
| Fee for service | 2,839,594 (72.29) | 3,315,170 (74.97) |
| Region | ||
| New England | 126,631 (3.22) | 149,823 (3.39) |
| Middle Atlantic | 312,114 (7.95) | 375,261 (8.49) |
| South Atlantic | 965,306 (24.57) | 1,122,279 (25.38) |
| East North Central | 559,524 (14.24) | 615,971 (13.93) |
| West North Central | 388,590 (9.89) | 389,743 (8.81) |
| East South Central | 144,511 (3.68) | 199,798 (4.52) |
| West South Central | 538,304 (13.70) | 578,938 (13.09) |
| Mountain | 396,656 (10.10) | 431,131 (9.75) |
| Pacific | 496,557 (12.64) | 559,060 (12.64) |
| Comorbidity (excluding COPD) | ||
| 0 | 1,406,185 (50.05) | 1,330,500 (41.22) |
| 1 | 527,574 (18.78) | 658,783 (20.41) |
| 2 | 358,067 (12.74) | 475,704 (14.74) |
| 3 | 208,513 (7.42) | 293,435 (9.09) |
| 4+ | 309,462 (11.01) | 469,491 (14.54) |
| Prior COPD/Emphysema diagnosis | ||
| No | 2,620,556 (93.26) | 2,929,335 (90.75) |
| Yes | 189,245 (6.74) | 298,578 (9.25) |
| Prior tobacco diagnosis | ||
| Yes | 326,931 (11.64) | 466,107 (14.44) |
| No | 2,482,870 (88.36) | 2,761,806 (85.56) |
| Outpatient visits in prior year | ||
| ≤1 | 905,550 (32.23) | 810,741 (25.12) |
| >1 and ≤4 | 755,387 (26.88) | 936,626 (29.02) |
| >4 and ≤8 | 599,420 (21.33) | 758,530 (23.50) |
| >8 | 549,444 (19.55) | 722,016 (22.37) |