Table 5. Causes of AAF, all cases (136).
| Cause of AAF (N=136) | Number of cases | Percentage | Sub-analysis individual groups |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aneurysm | 30 | 22.1 | N=30 |
| With dissection | 22 | 16.2 | 73% |
| Without dissection | 8 | 5.9 | 27% |
| Endocarditis (total) | 31 | 22.8 | N=31 |
| With abscess formation | 22 | 16.2 | 71% |
| Without abscess formation | 9 | 6.6 | 29% |
| Endocarditis no artificial valves | 17 | 12.5 | 54.8% |
| With abscess formation | 11 | 8.1 | 64.7% |
| Without abscess formation | 6 | 4.4 | 35.3% |
| Prosthetic valve endocarditis | 14 | 10.3 | 45.2% |
| With abscess formation | 11 | 8.1 | 78.6% |
| Without abscess formation | 3 | 2.2 | 21.4% |
| Congenital | 16 | 11.8 | N=16 |
| Congenital ARAF | 13 | 9.6 | 81.2% |
| Congenital ALAF | 3 | 2.2 | 18.8% |
| SVG aneurysm | 13 | 9.6 | – |
| Complication of cardiac surgery | 21 | 15.4 | – |
| ASD device closure | 10 | 7.4 | – |
| Chest trauma | 5 | 3.7 | – |
| Stent protruding RA | 2 | 1.5 | – |
| Complication of percutaneous catheterization | 3 | 2.2 | – |
| RCA aneurysm | 1 | 0.7 | – |
| Behcet’s disease | 1 | 0.7 | – |
| Rheumotoid arthritis | 1 | 0.7 | – |
| Accidental finding | 1 | 0.7 | – |
AAF, aorto-atrial fistula; ARAF, aorto-right atrial fistula; ALAF, aorto-left atrial fistula; SVG, saphenous vein graft; ASD, atrial septal defect; RA, right atrium.