Table 1. Overview of patients characteristics, imaging findings and diagnosis in different studies investigating lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces.
| Variables | Fintelmann 2017 (19) | Mascalchi 2015 (21) | Guo 2013 (20) | Farooqi 2012 (22) | Kaneda 2010 (18) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Number of cases | 30 | 24 | 15 | 26 | 19 |
| Population | Non-screen | Non-screen (2/24 screen-detected) | Non-screen | Screen setting (I-ELCAP) | Non-screen(a) |
| Incidence | 30/2,954 (1.0%) | – | 15/3,268 (0.5%) | 26/706 (3.7%) | 19/545 (3.5%) |
| Gender | |||||
| Men | 12/30 (40.0%) | 17/24 (70.8%) | 12/15 (80.0%) | 13/26 (50.0%) | 19/19 (100.0%) |
| Women | 18/30 (60.0%) | 7/24 (29.2%) | 3/15 (20.0%) | 13/26 (50.0%) | – |
| Mean age | 66.2 (range, 44–84) years | 70.6 (range, 51–85) years | 58.3 (range, 34–71) years | 65.1 (range, 52–78) years | 60 years 8 months |
| Smoking | |||||
| Ever | 29/30 (96.7%) | 18/18 (100.0%) | 26/26 (100.0%) | 19/19 (100.0%) | |
| Current | 11/30 (36.7%) | 15/18 (83.3%) | |||
| Former | 18/30 (60.0%) | 3/18 (16.7%) | |||
| Never | 1/30 (3.3%) | – | – | ||
| Mean number of pack years | 46 (range, 15–110) | – | > 10 | 52.0 | |
| Stages (TNM7)(b) | |||||
| Stage I | 18/30 (60.0%) | 12/24 (50.0%) | 9/15 (60.0%) | 21/26 (80.8%) | |
| 9/24 IA | 8/15 IA | 20/26 IA | |||
| 3/24 IB | 1/15 IB | 1/26 IB | |||
| Stage II | 5/30 (16.7%) | 3/24 (12.5%) | 2/15 (13.3%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | |
| 1/24 IIA | 2/15 IIA | 2/26 IIA | |||
| 2/24 IIB | |||||
| Stage III | 2/30 (6.7%) | 4/24 (16.7%) | 3/15 (20%) | 3/26 (11.5%) | |
| 2/30 IIIA | 4/24 IIIA | 2/15 IIIA | 3/26 IIIA | ||
| 1/15 IIIB | |||||
| Stage IV | 5/30 (16.7%) | 5/24 (20.8%) | 1/15 (6.7%) | 0/26 | |
| Oncologic history | 47% | 9/22 (40.9%) | No cancer history(c) | ||
| Imaging findings | |||||
| Emphysema | 29/30(d) | – | – | 19/26 (73.1%) | |
| Lung lobes | |||||
| RUL | 6/30 (20.0%) | 10/24 (41.7%) | 4/15 (26.7%) | 7/26 (26.9%) | |
| RLL | 8/30 (26.7%) | 7/24 (29.2%) | 2/15 (13.3% | 5/26 (19.2%) | |
| RML | 3/30 (10.0%) | 1/24 (4.2%) | 2/15 (13.3%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | |
| LUL | 7/30 (23.3%) | 3/24 (12.5%) | 3/15 (20.0%) | 9/26 (34.6%) | |
| LLL | 6/30 (20.0%) | 3/24 (12.5%) | 4/15 (26.7%) | 3/26 (11.5%) | |
| Location | Peripheral 24/30 (80.0%) | Subpleural 4/24 (16.7%) | – | – | |
| Central 6/30 (20.0%) | Intrapulmonary 20/24 (83.7%) | ||||
| Type according to Mascalchi | |||||
| Type 1 | 5/24 (20.8%) | – | – | – | |
| Type 2 | 4/24 (16.7%) | ||||
| Type 3 | 8/24 (33.3%) | ||||
| Type 4 | 7/24 (29.2%) | ||||
| Changes in cystic airspace | |||||
| Unchanged | 9/24 (37.5%) | – | 2/13 (15.4%) | ||
| Increased | 6/24 (25.0) | 6/13 (46.2%) | |||
| Decreased | 9/24 (37.5%) | 5/13 (38.4%) | |||
| FDG PET findings | |||||
| Absent | – | 2/17 (11.8%) | – | – | |
| Moderate | 4/16 nodule(e) | Mild 1/17 (5.9%) | |||
| 2/13 wall(f) | Moderate 5/17 (29.4%) | ||||
| Marked | 12/16 nodule(e) | 9/17 (52.9%) | |||
| 11/13 wall(f) | |||||
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Specimen type | |||||
| Surgical | 26/30 (86.7%) | 6/24 (25.0%) | 14/15 (93.3%) | 25/26 (96.2%) | 18/19 (94.7%) |
| -Wedge resection | 10/30 | 5/15 | |||
| -Lobectomy | 14/30 | 9/15 | |||
| -Pneumonectomy | – | ||||
| -Mediastinoscopy | 2/30 | ||||
| Non-surgical | 4/30 (13.3%) | 18/24 (75.0%) | 1/15 (6.7%) | ||
| -Transthoracic needle biopsy | 4/30 | 18/24 | 1/15 | ||
| -EBUS-TBNA(g) | |||||
| -Transbronchial biopsy | |||||
| Histopathologic diagnosis | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 24/30 (80.0%) | 17/24 (70.8%) | 11/15 (73.3%) | 23/26 (88.5%) | 10.5% |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 4/30 (13.3%) | 7/24 (29.2%) | 2/15 (13.3%) | 1/26 (3.8%) | 47.4% |
| Other | 2/30 (6.7%) poorly differentiated carcinoma | – | 2/15 (13.3%) adenosquamous and large cell carcinoma | 2/26 (7.7%) non-small cell carcinoma and atypical carcinoid | 42.1% large cell (21.1%), adenosquamous, others |
(a), some cases were ‘found during health check’; (b), both clinical and pathological; (c), other than non-melanoma skin-cancer; (d), all patients with smoking history; (e), FDG-uptake associated with mural nodule >8 mm; (f), FDG-uptake associated with the wall of the lesions; (g), endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. RUL, right upper lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; RML, right middle lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; EBUS-TBNA, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirate; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; PET, positron emission tomography.