Table 3.
Risk of bias in included studies scored with the ROBINS-I tool.
| Bias Due to Confounding | Bias in Selection of Participants into the Study | Bias in Classification of Interventions | Bias Due to Deviations from Intended Interventions | Bias Due to Missing Data | Bias in Measurement of Outcomes | Bias in Selection of the Reported Result | Overall Bias | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamberlain et al. [19] | - | +/- | + | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Coppa et al. [22] | - | +/- | + | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Du et al. [24] | - | +/- | + | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Musunuru et al. [25] | - | +/- | + | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Boyar et al. [18] | - | +/- | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Bertani et al. [17] | - | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Chen et al. [20] | - | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Citterio et al. [21] | - | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Partelli et al. [26] | - | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Watzka et al. [27] | - | +/- | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
| Dousset et al. [23] | - | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | - |
+: low (green); +/-: moderate (yellow); -: critical (red).