Table 1.

Clinical trials included in the systematic review.

Authors	Country	Year	Results	Jadad Score
Alexander et al. [5]	USA	2015	Yoga should be used to improve physical and mental health, to promote self-care and preventing burnout among nurses. Yoga intervention in this clinical trial lasted 8 weeks and was intended to develop self-reflection, self-care and self-discovery. Mind–body practices are useful in managing stress and building emotional resilience. To evaluate lifestyles, the authors used Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II); curiosity, acceptance and feasibility were evaluated with the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) while burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).	1
Bond et al. [1]	USA	2013	Medical students were evaluated for Jefferson’s Scale of Physician Empathy, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Self-Compassion Scale. The intervention consisted of an 11-week program of yoga and meditation and of a post-intervention evaluation. Statistically significant improvements in self-regulation and self-compassion of students were recorded. Changes in empathy and perceived stress were also recorded, although these values did not reach statistical significance.	3
Fang and Li [6]	China	2015	Yoga techniques were offered to nurses to improve sleep quality and reduce stress after work shifts. The group who received the intervention followed the yoga sessions twice a week (50/60 min per session) and demonstrated better sleep quality and reduced work stress. Yoga can improve back pain and quality of life. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Quality Index (C-PSQI) while for work pressure, the authors used the Questionnaire on Medical Worker’s Stress (QMWS).	5
Klatt et al. [15]	USA	2015	This clinical trial was structured on an 8-week yoga program associated with a day-to-day work of 20 min of meditative awareness. The program was called MIM (Mindfulness In Motion) and consisted of a less time-invasive method to be administered in the work environment, based on meditation awareness, yoga stretching, relaxing music, and daily individual meditation practice. Resilience was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). The work commitment was evaluated through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). This study was designed for stressed workers, such as health care professionals of intensive care units.	1
Repar and Patton [7]	USA	2007	This Arts In Medicine (AIM) Program aimed to resolve compassion, fatigue, and chronic pain among nurses. Massages, poetry, listening to live music and visual arts, in combination, helped to improve the quality of life.	1
Riley et al. [19]	USA	2017	This large randomized clinical trial included two studies to compare the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) and Yoga-Based Stress Management (YBSM). Stress was associated with high levels of blood pressure, weight gain, anger, depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life with worse health behaviors (diet, exercise, alcohol use). This trial, which included an 8-week yoga program, also focused on the consequences of stress, such as suicide and costs associated with tournaments and absenteeism. Among the questionnaires included in the study there were Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), SF12 and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS).	2
Shirey [2]	USA	2007	The goal of this study was to investigate evidence-based solutions to reduce anger and stress. Consciousness-based interventions have shown a reduction in stress. The instrument used to evaluate empathy, considering mood changes, was the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI).	1