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. 2019 Mar 25;8(3):409. doi: 10.3390/jcm8030409

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Five-year trend curves for HIIT effects on LV dimensions. Differences of LVEF (LVEF_Diff), LVEDD (Normalized LVEDD_Diff), and LVESD (Normalized LVESD_Diff) in HIIT participants with HFrEF (—), HFpEF (—), or MDP (---) were shown. (A) LVEF increased significantly in HFrEF (p <0.0001), but decreased significantly in HFpEF (p = 0.0136) patients compared to the MDP participants. (B) In the HIIT group, LVEDD decreased in HFrEF, but increased in HFpEF patients non-significantly compared to the MDP participants. (C) In the HIIT group, LVESD decreased significantly (p = 0.0052) in HFrEF patients, but non-significantly in HFpEF patients compared to the MDP participants.