Schematic of epicardium formation in zebrafish. (A) Schematic of the anterior half of a zebrafish embryo. The framed region in (A) is enlarged to show details below (B–D); (B) at approximately 55 hpf, two PE clusters emerge from the mesothelial wall close to the atrioventricular canal (avcPE) and the venous pole PE (vpPE); (C) from approximately 65 hpf, cells are released (blue arrows) from the PE clusters and start to attach to the ventricular surface (orange arrows); (D) from 72 hpf, cells from the arterial pole epicardial precursor (apEP) pool (black arrow) are transferred to the ventricular surface through a cell bridge. V, ventricle; AT, atrium.