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. 2019 Mar 11;8(3):339. doi: 10.3390/jcm8030339

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Survival pathway. (A) Western blotting bands of phospho-Akt/Akt and densitometric analyses in mouse retinas in db/db mice treated with vehicle (black bars), db/db mice treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) eye drops (grey bars) and non-diabetic mice (white bars) n = 4 * p < 0.05 in comparison with the other groups; (B) Western blotting bands of phospho-GSK3β and β-catenin. Densitometric analyses in mouse retinas in db/db mice treated with vehicle (black bars), db/db mice treated with GLP-1 eye drops (grey bars) and non-diabetic mice (white bars) n = 4 * p < 0.05 in comparison with the other groups; (C) Western blotting bands of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large protein (Bcl-xL) and densitometric analyses in mouse retinas in db/db mice treated with vehicle (black bars), db/db mice treated with GLP-1 eye drops (grey bars) and non-diabetic mice (white bars) n = 4 * p < 0.05 in comparison with the other groups; (D) Comparison of Bcl-xL immunoreactivity (red) among representative samples from diabetic mice treated with vehicle or GLP-1 eye-drops and from a non-diabetic mouse. Scale bars, 30 µm; n = 4. Cyp, ciclophyline.