Table 6.
Bioactive compounds of different durian varieties (mg/μg per 100 g fresh weight).
| Bioactive Compounds | Durian Variety | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysian Variety | Thailand Variety | Unknown Variety [23] | ||||||||||
| Chaer Phoy | Yah Kang | Ang Jin | D11 | Unknown | Chanee | Kan Yao | Puang Manee | Kradum | Monthong | Kobtakam | ||
| Polyphenols | ||||||||||||
| Total polyphenols [10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,20,21,22] | 67.12 mg GAE | 80.45 mg GAE | 97.78 mg GAE | 71.13 mg GAE | 99.00 mg GAE | 21.44–321.20 mg GAE | 283.30 mg GAE | 310.50 mg GAE | 94.18–271.50 mg GAE | 56.18–374.30 mg GAE | 94.18 mg GAE | 79.15 mg GAE |
| Flavonoids | ||||||||||||
| Total flavonoids [10,12,18,29,32,34,35,36,37,38,39] | 22.56 mg CE | 22.22 mg CE | 22.50 mg CE | 20.58 mg CE | NA | 1.90–81.60 mg CE | 3.51–72.10 mg CE | 3.24–18.10 mg CE | 4.48–19.80 mg CE | 4.49–93.90 mg CE | NA | NA |
| Flavanone | ||||||||||||
| Hesperetin [16] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 321.15 μg | 260.99 μg | 640.79 μg | 1110.23 μg | 562.98 μg | NA | NA |
| Hesperidin [19] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 200.00 μg | NA | NA |
| Flavonol | ||||||||||||
| Quercetin [18,19,20] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.22 mg | 2.44 mg | 2.18 mg | NA | 1.20–2549.30 mg | NA | NA |
| Morin [19] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 110.00–550.00 μg | NA | NA |
| Rutin [18] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 492.41 μg | NA | 733.20 μg | 163.90 μg | 912.05 μg | NA | NA |
| Kaempferol [16,19] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 479.09 μg | 644.80 μg | 430.18 μg | 131.64 μg | 830.26–2200.00 μg | NA | 1310.00 mg |
| Myricetin [19] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1559.56 μg | 964.47 μg | 2159.27 μg | 320.00–2087.83 μg | NA | 1010.00 mg |
| Bioactive Compounds | Durian Variety | |||||||||||
| Malaysian Variety | Thailand Variety | Unknown Variety [23] | ||||||||||
| Chaer Phoy | Yah Kang | Ang Jin | D11 | Chanee | Kan Yao | Puang Manee | Kradum | Monthong | Kobtakam | |||
| Flavonoids | ||||||||||||
| Flavone | ||||||||||||
| Luteolin [21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 364.92 μg | 279.29 μg | 509.09 μg | 287.69 μg | 338.22 μg | NA | NA | |
| Apigenin [21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 739.42 | 763.83 μg | 509.09 μg | 791.94 μg | 620.00–665.89 μg | NA | NA | |
| Total flavanols [11,12,14,17,18,19,20] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.15 mg CE | 0.13 mg CE | 0.15 mg CE | 0.13 mg CE | 0.18 mg CGE–5.18 mg CE | NA | NA | |
| Total anthocyanins [15,17,38] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.38 mg CGE | 0.34 mg CGE | 0.37 mg CGE | 0.32 mg CGE | 0.39–633.44mg CGE | NA | NA | |
| Phenolic Acids | ||||||||||||
| Cinnamic acid [19] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 600.00–660.00 μg | NA | 1510.00 mg | |
| Caffeic acid [19,21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 31.08–490.00 μg | NA | NA | |
| p-Coumaric acid [19,21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 29.22-600.00 μg | NA | NA | |
| Ferulic acid [18,21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 215.95 μg | NA | 158.67 μg | NA | 414.40 μg | NA | NA | |
| p-Anisic acid [22] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.48 μg | NA | NA | |
| Gallic acid [18] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1416.00 μg | NA | 4760.10 μg | NA | 2072.00 μg | NA | NA | |
| Vanillic acid [19,22] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20.72–300.00 μg | NA | NA | |
| Bioactive Compounds | Durian Variety | |||||||||||
| Malaysian Variety | Thailand Variety | |||||||||||
| Chaer Phoy | Yah Kang | Ang Jin | D11 | Unknown [15] | Chanee | Kan Yao | Puang Manee | Kradum | Monthong | Kobtakam | ||
| Carotenoids | ||||||||||||
| Total carotenoids [11,17,24] | 7.10 μg BCE | 5.13 μg BCE | 6.02 μg BCE | 8.22 μg BCE | NA | 4400.00–6000.00 μg | NA | NA | NA | 222.88–1167.00 μg | NA | |
| β-Carotene [13,20,21,24,25] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 201.00 μg | 84.54–4429.00 μg | 54.17 μg | 320.87 μg | 232.44–250.20 μg | 35.92–4250.00 μg | 385.84 μg | |
| α-Carotene [13,20,21,24,25] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37.00 μg | 47.23–1329.00 μg | 8.61 μg | 38.55 μg | 52.54–79.09 μg | 7.79–343.00 μg | 263.54 μg | |
| β-Crptoxanthin [13,16] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.00 μg | 17.58 μg | 4.87 μg | 17.80 μg | 26.80 μg | 5.85 μg | ND/NA | |
| Lycopene [13,16] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12.00 μg | 11.62 μg | 1.38 μg | 17.47 μg | 6.91 μg | 2.80 μg | ND/NA | |
| Lutein [13,16,24,25] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11.00 μg | 14.00–41.28 μg | 7.21 μg | 18.16 μg | 32.35–54.21 μg | 7.96–41.75 μg | 72.23 μg | |
| Zeaxanthin [13,16,24,25] | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37.00 μg | 0.09–37.47 μg | 11.37 μg | 20.21 μg | 49.44 μg | 0.14–11.95 μg | ND/NA | |
| Tannins [16,18,21,22] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 29.60–296.00 μg | NA | |
| Ascorbic acid [11,14,17,20,21,22] | 2.41 mg | 2.21 mg | 1.93 mg | 2.56 mg | 25.18 mg | NA | NA | NA | NA | 54.76–347.80 mg | NA | |
NA, not available; GAE, gallic acid equivalent; CE, catechin equivalent; CGE, cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent; ND, not detected; BCE, β-carotene equivalent.