Table 2.
In vivo studies of composites comprising β-TCP for guided bone regeneration.
| Material | Fabrication | Model/Defect | Time Points | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rhBMP-2/PCL/PLGA/β-TCP | 3D printing | Calvaria, rabbit | 8 weeks | Bone turn over significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). Bone to implant contact ratio significantly higher (p < 0.05). Full or partial absorption of implant observed. |
[111] |
| PCL/PLGA/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 | 3D printing | Lower Jaw, Beagle Dog | 4 to 8 weeks | The stability of the membrane was maintained at 4 weeks (post-implantation). Complete healing; new bone deposition observed. Significant increase in bone formation from 4 to 8 weeks. No inflammatory reaction. |
[109] |
| PCL/PLGA/β-TCP | 3D printing | Extracted premolars; mandibular alveolar ridge; Beagle Dog | 8 weeks | Higher levels of new bone area and bone implant contact, compared to the control (collagen membrane). Remaining biomaterial was much higher compared to control. Results were insignificant to each other. |
[112] |
| Modified Silk/β-TCP | Casting, particle deposition | Rabbit; Calvaria | 5 and 10 weeks | Control (collagen membrane) Rate of resorption higher in control compared to membrane. Silk/β-TCP highly support bone formation and restoration of microarchitecture of defect compared to the control. Less statistical difference from histomorphometric data between the two (p < 0.05). |
[113] |
| β-TCP/HA granules | N/A | Minipig; Lower premolar | 3 and 8 weeks | Group with higher percentage of β-TCP (90%) showed more mineralized bone. | [114] |
| Gelatin/β-TCP | Freeze-dried/Cross-linking | Calvaria, Rat | 2, 4, 8 weeks | Bone volume was higher in Gelatin/β-TCP membrane compared to control. Absorption was greater in collagen compared to Gelatin/β-TCP. No significant difference in bone volume between collagen membrane and Gelatin/β-TCP. |
[115] |
| Bio-Oss/β-TCP/rhPDGF | N/A | Calvaria; Rat | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks | Significant increase in bone mineral density. A 30% reduction in mean volume of remnant bone particles. |
[116] |
2 PCL (polycaprolactone); rhPDGF (recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor); N/A (no explicit description of the material development process).