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Schematic representations of mechanisms of actions through which specific probiotic strains might help in the amelioration of T1D. Akt: protein kinase B; DCs: Dendritic cells; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; IκBα: I kappa B kinase; IkkB: IκB kinase beta; IgA: Immunoglobulin A; Treg: T regulatory cell; Th2: T-helper cell 2.
