Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the KBASE and KBASE-V participants.
| Variables (Range) |
CU of KBASE | CU of KBASE-V |
MCI of KBASE | MCI of KBASE-V |
ADD of KBASE |
ADD of KBASE-V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 291 | 167 | 139 | 72 | 87 | 56 |
| Age, years | 69.2 (8.1) | 67.7 (7.8) | 73.7 (7.0) | 73.1 (8.4) | 73.0 (8.1) | 75.6 (7.5) |
| Female | 149 (51%) | 103 (62%) a | 92 (66%) | 33 (46%) a | 60 (80%) | 44 (79%) |
| Education, years | 11.8 (4.8) | 10.6 (5.1) b | 10.0 (4.5) | 8.9 (4.2) | 9.1 (5.4) | 5.7 (4.1) b |
| APOE ε4 carrier | 53 (18%) | 35 (21%) | 47 (34%) | 16 (22%) | 52 (60%) | 26 (46%) |
| MMSE (0–30) | 26.9 (2.6) | 26.5 (3.0) | 22.5 (3.2) | 22.7 (4.3) | 16.4 (4.2) | 16.0 (3.7) |
| CDR 0:0.5:1 § | 291:0:0 | 167:0:0 | 0:139:0 | 0:72:0 | 0:29:58 | 0:19:37 |
| CDR-SB (0–18) § | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.07) | 1.50 (0.65) | 1.16 (0.86) † | 5.05 (1.45) | 4.81 (2.03) |
| SBT (0–28) § | 2.5 (3.3) | 3.1 (4.4) | 9.1 (6.3) | 8.6 (6.7) | 18.9 (5.3) | 19.3 (6.4) |
| CERAD, Z score | 0.35 (0.56) | 0.33 (0.47) | −0.98 (0.63) | −0.73 (0.59) b | −1.60 (0.71) | −1.59 (0.69) |
| SMCQ (0–14) § | 2.1 (2.0) | 3.9 (3.4) * | 5.6 (3.1) | 6.0 (3.6) | 5.7 (3.0) | 8.8 (3.8) ‡ |
| GDS (0–30) § | 4.7 (4.9) | 8.4 (6.5) * | 10.3 (7.0) | 10.4 (6.9) | 7.9 (5.5) | 11.9 (7.9) ‡ |
| LM immediate recall | 19.1 (7.3) | 17.0 (8.1) * | 9.2 (5.7) | 7.7 (5.3) † | 3.8 (5.0) | 2.5 (2.9) |
| LM delayed recall | 13.9 (7.4) | 12.0 (7.8) * | 3.9 (4.6) | 3.4 (4.0) | 0.7 (4.3) | 0.5 (1.3) |
| RCFT copy (0–36) | 29.6 (6.2) | 31.1 (6.6) * | 24.7 (8.4) | 27.1 (9.5) | 17.8 (11.5) | 14.8 (11.0) |
| Clock drawing (0–30) | 27.7 (2.8) | 27.6 (3.2) | 25.6 (4.9) | 24.8 (5.8) | 20.9 (7.4) | 17.2 (7.9) |
| Stroop test, Z score | 0.18 (0.98) | 0.12 (1.00) | −0.66 (0.98) | −0.55 (1.05) | −1.26 (1.15) | −1.34 (1.07) |
| COWAT | 25.6 (11.4) | 23.6 (10.4) | 19.3 (9.0) | 16.6 (9.5) | 16.3 (10.0) | 8.0 (7.8) ‡ |
| A+ | 52 (18.1%) (n = 288) | 26 (19.8%) (n = 131) |
71 (53.0%) (n = 134) |
28 (48.3%) (n = 58) |
66 (81.5%) (n = 81) |
36 (90.0%) (n = 40) |
Data are shown as the mean (SD) or number (%). CU, cognitively unimpaired; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; ADD, Alzheimer’s disease dementia; KBASE, Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of AD; KBASE-V, an independent validation cohort of KBASE; APOE, apolipoprotein; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale; CDR-SB, CDR-Sum of Boxes; SBT, Short Blessed Test; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD; SMCQ, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; LM, Logical memory; RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; A+, presence of amyloid pathology as determined by abnormal amyloid PET finding in the KBASE and by abnormal amyloid PET finding or CSF Aβ42 level below cut point in the KBASE-V. a p < 0.05 vs. its corresponding group of KBASE by chi-square test; b p < 0.05 vs. its corresponding group of KBASE by student t-test; * p < 0.05 vs. KBASE CU group from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with sex and education level as covariates; † p < 0.05 vs. KBASE MCI group from ANCOVA with sex as a covariate; ‡ p < 0.05 vs. KBASE ADD group from ANCOVA with education level as a covariate; § Increases in scores represent worsening.