Table 5.
Results of AD biomarkers according to the AD clinical spectrum.
| CN (n = 71) |
SCD (n = 96) |
MCI (n = 72) |
ADD (n = 56) |
P † | P < 0.05 ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A+:A− | 4 (8.9%):41 | 22 (25.6%):64 | 28 (48.3%):30 | 36 (90.0%):4 | <0.001 | |
| T+:T− | 2 (6.9%):27 | 12 (20.7%):46 | 14 (48.3%):15 | 18 (78.3%):5 | <0.001 | |
| N+:N− | 22 (31.0%):49 | 72 (75.0%):24 | 57 (79.2%):15 | 53 (94.7%):3 | <0.001 | |
| Amyloid PET, n | 44 | 78 | 56 | 38 * | ||
| Aβ deposition on PET | 2 (4.5%) | 18 (23.1%) | 23 (41.1%) | 32 (84.2%) | <0.001 | |
| 18F-flutemetamol PET, n | 30 | 43 | 38 | 24 | ||
| FMM composite SUVR | 0.58 (0.03) | 0.62 (0.12) | 0.67 (0.12) | 0.81 (0.14) | <0.001 | b, c, e, f |
| 11C-PiB PET, n | 14 | 35 | 18 | 13 | ||
| PiB composite SUVR | 1.08 (0.04) | 1.14 (0.16) | 1.25 (0.28) | 1.56 (0.41) | <0.001 | c, e, f |
| Cerebrospinal fluid, n | 29 | 58 | 29 | 23 | ||
| Aβ42, pg/mL | 548.6 (87.1) | 510.1 (98.5) | 415.3 (141.4) | 306.2 (126.3) | <0.001 | b, c, d, e, f |
| T-tau, pg/mL | 49.6 (10.6) | 52.3 (21.4) | 55.4 (18.8) | 91.1 (62.0) | <0.001 | c, e, f |
| P-tau, pg/mL | 16.8 (5.0) | 18.5 (7.4) | 23.6 (14.7) | 37.0 (24.1) | <0.001 | c, e, f |
| T-tau/Aβ42 | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.10) | 0.37 (0.34) | <0.001 | c, e, f |
| P-Tau/Aβ42 | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.11) | <0.001 | b, c, e, f |
| Brain MRI, n | 71 | 96 | 72 | 56 | ||
| Cortical thickness, mm | 3.17 (0.09) | 3.03 (0.15) | 3.05 (0.14) | 2.97 (0.15) | <0.001 | a, b, c, f |
| Hippocampal volume cm3 | 5.12 (0.63) | 5.09 (0.76) | 4.76 (0.77) | 4.40 (0.80) | <0.001 | b, c, d, e, f |
Data are shown as the mean (SD) or number (%). CN, cognitively normal; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; ADD, Alzheimer’s disease dementia; A−, absence of amyloid pathology determined by normal amyloid PET finding or CSF Aβ42 level above cut point; A+, presence of amyloid pathology determined by abnormal amyloid PET finding or CSF Aβ42 level below cut point; T−, normal CSF p-tau level below cut point; T+, abnormal CSF p-tau level above cut point; N−, absence of neurodegeneration or neuronal injury determined by cortical thickness or hippocampal volume; N+, presence of neurodegeneration or neuronal injury determined by cortical thickness or hippocampal volume; FMM, flutemetamol; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio; n, number; Aβ, amyloid beta; t-tau, total tau; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; * A patient with amyloid deposition on historical 18F-florbetapir PET was included; † Chi-square test for categorical variables, analysis of variance for continuous variables; ‡ Tukey method; a, CN vs. SCD; b, CN vs. MCI; c, CN vs. ADD; d, SCD vs. MCI; e, SCD vs. ADD; f, MCI vs. ADD.