Figure 1.

Construction and Characterization of Recombinant VVs

(A) Schematic figure of the genomic structure of recombinant viruses is shown. (B) High expression of HBD2 in vitro. A549 cells were infected with VV-HBD2-lacZ or VV-lacZ for 48 h. The HBD2 expression in the supernatants was measured using the human β-defensin 2 ELISA kit (representative of three separate experiments; n = 5). (C) Replication rates of VV-HBD2-lacZ, VV-lacZ, and VV-WR on A549 cells. The viral titers in the supernatants obtained at different times were measured by crystal violet plaque assay, and the titer at each time point is presented as mean ± SD in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. P7.5, promotor 7.5; pSE/L, proximal sequence element promotor; HBD2, human β-defensin 2.