Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics by PHI.

Variables	Full sample		No PHI		PHI		Significance
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Chronic diseases (1 = no)	0.236	0.308	0.223	0.305	0.274	0.301
Self-assessed good health (1 = yes)	0.662	0.130	0.647	0.129	0.706	0.139	***
Self-rated life satisfaction (1 = good)	0.509	0.110	0.501	0.213	0.562	0.226	**
Age groups
18-24	0.041	0.192	0.046	0.187	0.031	0.200
25-34	0.144	0.350	0.205	0.400	0.139	0.348	***
35-44	0.277	0.451	0.311	0.465	0.274	0.443	**
45-54	0.286	0.453	0.316	0.460	0.283	0.457	**
55-64	0.189	0.392	0.108	0.314	0.196	0.392	***
65+a	0.064	0.240	0.025	0.156	0.067	0.258	***
Male	0.546	0.497	0.532	0.500	0.548	0.492
Married	0.890	0.321	0.883	0.324	0.892	0.315
Education levels
Primary school or lessa	0.352	0.477	0.364	0.480	0.183	0.387	***
Middle school	0.341	0.475	0.351	0.477	0.256	0.437	***
High school	0.214	0.409	0.198	0.398	0.387	0.487	***
College or more	0.093	0.291	0.086	0.281	0.174	0.379	***
Occupation	0.231	0.009	0.170	0.376	0.553	0.497	***
Urban resident	0.294	0.450	0.258	0.498	0.550	0.437	***
Cohabitants	3.794	1.525	3.587	1.368	3.812	1.536	***
Log (income)	9.010	1.277	8.995	1.304	9.181	0.895	***
Smoke	0.361	0.480	0.358	0.480	0.361	0.480
Drink	0.406	0.491	0.424	0.494	0.405	0.491
Activity	0.099	0.286	0.166	0.372	0.083	0.276	***

Note. PHI = public health insurance.

^aRefers the omitted reference category.

^*P < .1. **P < .05. ***P < .01.