Table 3. Patients’ profile, treatment and pain severity from admission to discharge. n (%).
| Variables | Baseline (n=123) | 24-hour (n=111) | 48-hour (n=90) | 72-hour (n=67) | Discharge (n=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients profile over time | |||||
| Unable to score | - | 5 (4.5) | 8 (8.9) | 8 (11.9) | 7 (7.0) |
| Discharged | - | 6 (5.4) | 23 (25.6) | 43 (64.2) | - |
| Death | - | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (7.5) | 16 (16.0) |
| Simple analgesic | |||||
| Paracetamol | 33 (26.8) | 55 (49.5) | 48 (53.3) | 36 (53.8) | 56 (56.0) |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 19 (15.4) | 26 (23.4) | 25 (27.8) | 21 (31.3) | 32 (32.0) |
| Diclofenac | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ibuprofen | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Celecoxib | 13 (10.6) | 24 (21.6) | 22 (24.4) | 20 (29.9) | 32 (32.0) |
| Etoricoxib | 3 (2.4) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Anti-neuropathic agents | 16 (13.1) | 34 (30.6) | 30 (33.3) | 29 (43.3) | 34 (34.0) |
| Amitriptyline | 7 (5.7) | 17 (15.3) | 18 (20.0) | 16 (23.9) | 24 (24.0) |
| Gabapentin | 7 (5.7) | 10 (9.0) | 9 (10.0) | 7 (10.4) | 7 (7.0) |
| Amitriptyline and Gabapentin | 2 (1.6) | 7 (6.3) | 3 (3.3) | 6 (9.0) | 3 (3.0) |
| Weak Opioid | 35 (28.5) | 13 (11.7) | 10 (11.1) | 7 (10.4) | 11 (11.0) |
| Tramadol | 34 (27.6) | 13 (11.7) | 10 (11.1) | 7 (10.4) | 11 (11.0) |
| Dihydrocodeine | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Strong Opioid | 66 (53.7) | 85 (76.6) | 72 (80.0) | 52 (77.6) | 78 (78.0) |
| Morphine | 49 (39.8) | 75 (67.6) | 61 (67.7) | 43 (64.2) | 65 (65.0) |
| Oxycodone | 12 (9.8) | 8 (7.2) | 10 (11.1) | 7 (10.4) | 8 (8.0) |
| Fentanyl | 5 (4.1) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (3.0) | 5 (5.0) |
| MEDD regulara: Median (IQR) | 10 (240) | 23 (325) | 30 (300) | 32.5 (280) | 30 (400) |
| Breakthrough Medication | - | 47 (42.3) | 30 (33.3) | 20 (29.9) | 18 (18) |
| MEDD breakthroughb: Median (IQR) | - | 0 (130) | 0 (110) | 6.3 (80) | 0 (30) |
| Current pain score: Mean (SD) | 3.8 (3.0) | 1.5 (2.0) | 1.3 (1.7) | 1.2 (1.6) | 0.9 (1.3) |
| 0 (no pain) | 30 (24.4) | 57 (51.4) | 44 (48.9) | 35 (52.2) | 60 (60.0) |
| 1-4 (mild) | 41 (33.3) | 46 (41.4) | 42 (46.7) | 31 (46.3) | 38 (38.0) |
| 5-6 (moderate) | 26 (21.1) | 5 (4.5) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.0) |
| 7-10 (severe) | 26 (21.1) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Worst pain score: Mean (SD) | 6.9 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.5) | 3.4 (2.7) | 3.1 (2.8) | 2.5 (2.5) |
| 0 (no pain) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (16.2) | 19 (21.1) | 23 (34.3) | 36 (36.0) |
| 1-4 (mild) | 22 (17.9) | 52 (46.8) | 38 (42.2) | 22 (32.8) | 39 (39.0) |
| 5-6 (moderate) | 29 (23.6) | 27 (24.3) | 21 (23.3) | 13 (19.4) | 20 (20.0) |
| 7-10 (severe) | 72 (58.5) | 14 (12.6) | 12 (13.3) | 9 (13.4) | 5 (5.0) |
| Least pain score: Mean (SD) | 1.8 (2.1) | 1.0 (1.7) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.4 (0.9) |
| 0 (no pain) | 57 (46.3) | 72 (64.9) | 61 (67.8) | 43 (64.2) | 80 (80.0) |
| 1-4 (mild) | 47 (38.2) | 33 (29.7) | 28 (31.1) | 24 (35.8) | 20 (20.0) |
| 5-6 (moderate) | 18 (14.6) | 4 (3.6) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 7-10 (severe) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pain Management Index ≥0 | 86 (69.9) | 110 (99.1) | 89 (98.1) | 65 (97.0) | 100 (100) |
a
Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose of the regular dose of the weak or strong opioid
b
Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose of the breakthrough dose of the weak or strong opioid