Table 1.
Baseline subject characteristics
| Whole group | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 51 | n = 29 | n = 16 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 64 ± 1 | 64 ± 2 | 65 ± 2 | ns |
| Sex, m/f (% male) | 37/14 (73) | 21/8 (72) | 11/5 (69) | ns |
| Smoking status | <0.1 | |||
| Current, n (%) | 44 (88) | 24 (83) | 16 (100) | |
| Former, n (%) | 6 (12) | 5 (17) | 0 (0) | |
| Completion of PR | ns | |||
| Without exacerbation, n (%) | 39 (76) | 23 (79) | 11 (69) | |
| With exacerbation, n (%) | 12 (24) | 6 (21) | 5 (31) | |
| Pulmonary function | ||||
| FEV1, % predictedb | 34 [26–41] | 34 [26–41] | 38 [29–44] | ns |
| FVC, % predicted | 79 ± 3 | 80 ± 3 | 77 ± 5 | ns |
| FEV1/FVC, %b | 33 [26–42] | 31 [26–40] | 33 [28–46] | ns |
| Physical function | ||||
| 6MWT, m | 344.68 ± 15.44 | 352.59 ± 22.11 | 348.00 ± 20.94 | ns |
| Peak load, W | 62.96 ± 3.30 | 62.81 ± 4.81 | 65.20 ± 5.51 | ns |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 11.75 ± 0.58 | 12.31 ± 0.85 | 11.35 ± 0.77 | ns |
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 0.6 | 24.2 ± 0.7 | 25.5 ± 1.3 | ns |
| FMI, kg/m2 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.7 | ns |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 16.9 ± 0.4 | 16.7 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 0.9 | ns |
| ASMI, kg/m2 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | ns |
| Muscle mass depletion, n (%) | 30 (60) | 20 (69) | 7 (47) | ns |
| Blood profile | ||||
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.28 ± 0.08 | 1.16 ± 0.10 | 1.46 ± 0.14 | <0.1 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.77 ± 0.09 | 1.80 ± 0.10 | 1.73 ± 0.16 | ns |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.01 ± 0.15 | 2.77 ± 0.19 | 3.25 ± 0.26 | ns |
| LDL/HDL, ratio | 1.94 ± 0.14 | 1.65 ± 0.14 | 2.21 ± 0.27 | <0.1 |
| HOMA‐IRb | 3.40 [1.80–6.70] | 3.70 [1.95–5.75] | 2.90 [1.85–8.00] | ns |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Long‐term oxygen therapy, n (%) | 20 (39) | 11 (38) | 5 (31) | ns |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 8 (16) | 5 (17) | 2 (13) | ns |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 4 (8) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 21 (41) | 10 (34) | 8 (50) | ns |
| Cholesterolaemia, n (%) | 14 (27) | 6 (21) | 5 (31) | ns |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (14) | 5 (17) | 1 (6) | ns |
6MWT, 6 min walk test; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FFMI, fat‐free mass index; FMI, fat mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model of insulin resistance; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation. Due to the insufficient sample size, individual values for Cluster 3 (n = 4) and Cluster 4 (n = 2) are not depicted in this table. Data expressed as mean ± SEM unless indicated otherwise.
a
Significance of between group (Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2) comparisons assessed by independent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, or χ2 test.
b
Median [IQR].