A, Anaplerosis, expressed as a ratio to citrate synthase activity. In the PBS group, anaplerotic flux was increased nearly 100% with TAC. Knockdown of ME1 expression significantly reduced anaplerosis in TAC to normal levels. *P<0.01;**P<0.001 by ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer test. B, Compared with sham operated (SHAM), TAC hearts demonstrated significantly lower GSH content, as expected. Suppression of ME1 (malic enzyme 1) expression (miRME1 [miRNA specific to ME1]) restored GSH content in TAC to levels comparable to SHAM. C, GSH/GSSG ratios were also improved in the miR-ME1 TAC group in comparison to reduced GSH/GSSG in the Sham-infused TAC hearts. White bar, SHAM; black bar, TAC. †P<0.05 vs SHAM PBS by ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer test.