Table 3.
SOX9 roles in CRC as oncogene and tumor suppressor.
| Model | Status of SOX9 | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 353 tumors samples of CRC | SOX9 mutated and WT are overexpressed | Truncating SOX9 mutations are associated with SOX9 overexpression, KRAS mutation, and TP53 wild type | [49, 50] |
|
| |||
| DLD-1 cell line of CRC | Loss of SOX9 transcriptional activity by L142P mutation | Restoration of wild type SOX9 expression inhibits cell growth, clonal capacity and colonosphere formation; besides, the expression of the c-MYC and the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway are affected | [6] |
|
| |||
| 17 tumors samples of CRC | High levels of SOX9 and MiniSOX9 | Overexpression of MiniSOx9 is found in CCR tissues whereas SOX9 is also expressed in normal and adjacent tissues | [51] |
|
| |||
| 188 tumors samples of CRC from Chinese population | Overexpressed | Does not show significant correlation between SOX9 and β-catenin | [31] |
|
| |||
| 144 primary tumors from patients diagnosed in stage II CRC | Downregulated | Low levels of SOX9 have been shown as an independent predictor of relapse in stage II colon cancer patients | [32] |
|
| |||
| 45 tumors samples of CRC from African Americans population | Hypermethylated | SOX9, GATA6, TET1, GLIS1, and FAT1 are differentially hypermethylated in APC-negative CRC | [33] |
|
| |||
| CaCo2, SW480, HCT116 and HT29 cell lines of CRC | Overexpressed | The synthetic PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone induces changes of SOX9 and β-catenin expression and subcellular localization | [52] |
|
| |||
| HT29 and HCT116 cell lines of CRC | Cofactor of NF-Y | SOX9 is necessary for the function of NF-Y in activating expression of cyclin B1, cyclin B2, cyclin dependent kinase 1 and topoisomerase II α | [53] |
|
| |||
| HCT116, SW480, SW620, DLD-1 cell lines of CRC | Overexpressed | Sox9 promotes proliferation through FOXK2 | [54] |
|
| |||
| HCT116 cell line of CRC | Overexpressed | Sox9 promotes invasiveness and metastasis in CRC through S100P | [55] |
|
| |||
| CCD 841 CoN, DLD-1, HCT-116, and HT-29 cell lines of CRC under hypoxia | Overexpressed | Sox9 upregulates the expression of USP47 promoting EMT under hypoxia | [56] |
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| |||
| SW620 and SW480 cell lines of CRC | Overexpressed | SOX9 mediates the acquisition and maintenance of CR-CSCs | [57] |