Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by normal glycemia and subgroups of prediabetes defined by WHO/IEC and ADA
| Normal glycemia | Prediabetes |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG only | HbA1c only | Both | |||
| WHO/IEC | |||||
| N | 4,799 | 340 | 226 | 62 | |
| Men (%) | 71.6 (70.3; 72.9) | 85.6 (81.4; 89.1)a | 67.3 (60.7; 73.3)b | 66.1 (53.0; 77.7)b | <0.001 |
| White ethnicity (%) | 93.6 (92.9; 94.3) | 90.6 (87.0; 93.5)a | 80.1 (74.3; 85.1)ab | 83.9 (72.3; 92.0)a | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 61.2 (6.1) | 61.8 (6.1) | 65.5 (6.4)ab | 64.2 (5.7)ab | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (4.1) | 28.2 (4.4)a | 27.7 (4.7)a | 30.4 (6.2)abc | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 (1.0) | 5.7 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.1)ab | 5.6 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.5)a | 1.5 (0.4)a | 1.4 (0.3)a | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.6 (16.2) | 134.4 (17.3)a | 128.5 (17.8)b | 136.9 (19.3)ac | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.2 (0.4) | 6.3 (0.2)a | 5.5 (0.9)ab | 6.4 (0.2)ac | <0.001 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 6.1 (1.5) | 7.4 (2.0)a | 7.5 (2.5)a | 9.5 (2.3)abc | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.5)a | 6.1 (0.1)ab | 6.1 (0.1)ab | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34 (4) | 37 (5)a | 43 (1)ab | 44 (2)ab | <0.001 |
| Previous CVD (%) | 9.7 (8.9; 10.6) | 12.1 (8.8; 16.0) | 18.1 (13.3; 23.8)ab | 24.2 (14.2; 36.7)ab | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 7.9 (7.2; 8.7) | 5.9 (3.6; 8.9) | 10.2 (6.6; 14.9) | 9.7 (3.6; 19.9) | 0.282 |
| Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 21.9 (20.7; 23.1) | 36.2 (31.1; 41.5)a | 42.0 (35.5; 48.8)a | 45.2 (32.5; 58.3)a | <0.001 |
| ADA | |||||
| N | 3,431 | 1,056 | 578 | 362 | |
| Men (%) | 69.4 (67.8; 70.9) | 83.9 (81.5; 86.1)a | 66.8 (62.8; 70.6)b | 75.1 (70.4; 79.5)abc | <0.001 |
| White ethnicity (%) | 94.3 (93.5; 95.1) | 94.5 (93.0; 95.8) | 83.4 (80.1; 86.3)ab | 87.0 (83.1; 90.3)ac | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 60.8 (6.0) | 61.1 (6.0) | 64.8 (6.6)ab | 63.6 (6.1)abc | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 (4.1) | 27.4 (4.2)a | 27.2 (4.5)a | 28.5 (4.5)abc | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 (1.0) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.1)ab | 5.6 (1.2)b | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.4)a | 1.6 (0.4)a | 1.5 (0.4)abc | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.7 (16.2) | 130.9 (16.5)a | 127.3 (16.9)ab | 131.2 (16.6)ac | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.0 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.3)a | 5.2 (0.7)ab | 6.0 (0.3)abc | <0.001 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 5.9 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.7)a | 6.7 (2.1)a | 7.8 (2.1)abc | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.4)a | 5.9 (0.2)ab | 5.9 (0.2)ab | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 33 (3) | 34 (4)a | 41 (2)ab | 41 (2)ab | <0.001 |
| Previous CVD (%) | 9.5 (8.5; 10.5) | 10.5 (8.7; 12.5) | 18.0 (14.9; 21.4)ab | 19.9 (15.9; 24.4)ab | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 8.0 (7.1; 8.9) | 6.8 (5.4; 8.5) | 9.3 (7.1; 12.0) | 8.6 (5.9; 11.9) | 0.312 |
| Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 19.5 (18.2; 20.9) | 27.1 (24.4; 29.9)a | 33.7 (29.9; 37.8)ab | 41.7 (36.6; 47.0)abc | <0.001 |
Data are means (SD) or percentage (95% CI). WHO/IEC: normal glycemia, FPG <6.1 mmol/L and HbA1c <6.0%, and for prediabetes by FPG only, FPG 6.1–6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c <6.0%; HbA1c only, HbA1c <6.0–6.4% and FPG <6.1 mmol/L; and both, FPG 6.1–6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c 6.0–6.4%. ADA: normal glycemia, FPG <5.6 mmol/L and HbA1c <5.7%, and for prediabetes by FPG only, FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c <5.7%; HbA1c only, HbA1c <5.7–6.4% and FPG <5.6 mmol/L; and both, FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c 5.7–6.4%. P is the level of significance for the overall unadjusted test of difference between groups of normal glycemia and prediabetes subgroups, using t tests for difference in means or log(means) and χ2 tests for difference in proportions.
aVersus normal glycemia, P < 0.05.
bVersus FPG only, P < 0.05.
cVersus HbA1c only, P < 0.05.