Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year, country | Participants | Intervention | Comparison | Duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amato et al., 2012, U.S. | 403 postmenopausal women (120 mg/day group: n=134; 80 mg/day group: n=135; placebo group: n=134) | Aglycone soy isoflavone 80 mg; aglycone soy isoflavone 120 mg | Placebo contains cellulose | 2 years | MENQOL questionnaire |
|
| |||||
| Attreitano et al. 2013, Italy | 262 postmenopausal women with diagnosed osteopenia | Genistein (n=139) | Identical appearance placebo (n=123) | 2 years | SF-36, ZSDS |
|
| |||||
| Basaria et al. 2009, U.S. | 84 postmenopausal women (mostly Caucasian) | Genistein 64 mg, daidzein 63 mg, glycitein 34 mg (In the form of powder mixed with beverages) (n=38) | 20g of milk protein and other nutrients (same as experimental group) (n=46) | 12 weeks | MENQOL questionnaire |
|
| |||||
| Garcia-Martin et al., 2012, Spain | 94 postmenopausal women | Soy isoflavone 50 mg/day (n=45) | Milk protein supplement (n=49) | 1 year | Cervantes Health-Related Quality of Life scale |
|
| |||||
| Ho et al., 2007, China | 176 postmenopausal women with Chinese ethnicity that live in Hong Kong | 80 mg soy derived isoflavone per day (n=91) | Identical appearance placebo (starch) (n=85) | 6 months | SF-36, MMSE |
|
| |||||
| Kok et al., 2005, U.S. | 202 postmenopausal women | 25.6 g soy protein (52 mg genistein, 41 mg daidzein, 6 mg glycitein) (n=100) | Milk protein (placebo) (n=102) | 1 year | SF-36, QLS, GDS scale |
|
| |||||
| Lee et al., 2017, Korea | 84 postmenopausal women (n=84) | 336 mg soy extract (10.5% isoflavone) and various agents (n=41) | Dextrin instead of isoflavones (n=43) | 12 weeks | MENQOL questionnaire, Kupperman index |
|
| |||||
| Lewis et al., 2006, Canada | 87 postmenopausal women | 25 g of flaxseed (50 mg lignans, n=28); 25 g of soy (42 mg of isoflavones) per day (n=31) | Wheat (for achieving similar fiber content) (n=28) | 16 weeks | MENQOL questionnaire, daily hot flash frequency estimation by a 7-point Likert scale |
|
| |||||
| Riesco et al., 2011, Canada | 40 postmenopausal women | 4 phytoestrogen capsules per day (each contain 17.5 mg of isoflavones) (n=19) | Placebo contained cellulose (n=21) | 6 months | SF-36, Perceived stress scale, Kupperman index |
|
| |||||
| Tice et al., 2003, U.S. | 246 menopausal women with hot flashes | Promensil (82 mg of isoflavones per day) (n=84); Rimostil (57 mg of isoflavone per day) (n=83) | Placebo (less than 0.04 mg isoflavones per tablet) (n=85) | 12 weeks | The change in frequency of hot flashes measured by participant daily diaries, Greene Climacteric Scale (QOL), adverse events |