Comparison 3. NIPPV vs NCPAP (by synchronization).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Respiratory failure	10	1060	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.51, 0.81]
1.1 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	5	572	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.44, 0.83]
1.2 Synchronized NIPPV	4	304	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.41, 1.02]
1.3 Mixed methods	1	184	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.44, 1.22]
2 Need for intubation	10	1060	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.61, 0.87]
2.1 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	5	572	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.60, 0.92]
2.2 Synchronized NIPPV	4	304	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.42, 1.06]
2.3 Mixed methods	1	184	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.44, 1.22]
3 Mortality	9	977	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.51, 1.15]
3.1 Synchronized NIPPV	3	220	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.25 [0.03, 2.19]
3.2 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	5	572	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.54, 1.27]
3.3 Mixed methods	1	185	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.16, 3.09]
4 Chronic lung disease	9	899	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.58, 1.06]
4.1 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	4	423	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.51, 1.08]
4.2 Synchronized NIPPV	4	304	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.43 [0.18, 1.01]
4.3 Mixed methods	1	172	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.70, 2.72]
5 Pneumothorax	10	1061	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.42, 1.48]
5.1 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	5	572	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.24, 1.40]
5.2 Synchronized NIPPV	4	304	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.30, 2.43]
5.3 Mixed methods	1	185	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.74 [0.23, 97.39]
6 Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III/IV)	3	346	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.51, 3.62]
6.1 Synchronized NIPPV	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.2 Nonsynchronized NIPPV	3	346	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.51, 3.62]