Comparison 4. NIPPV vs NCPAP high‐quality studies only (by device).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Respiratory failure (high‐quality studies)	8	902	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.50, 0.82]
1.1 Ventilator‐generated NIPPV	4	448	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.45, 0.85]
1.2 Bilevel NIPPV	2	160	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.44, 2.27]
1.3 Mixed devices	2	294	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.38, 0.93]