Le Guen 2014.

Methods	Multicenter, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Participants	ASA I‐III, elective surgery Exclusion criteria: undergo cardiac surgery or cranial neurosurgery, used psychotropic drugs, had supraspinal neurologic disorders, or used a pacemaker Recruitment: 227 participants were randomly assigned (217 participants were analysed) Setting: France
Interventions	Admixture Participants were randomly allocated to one of six groups 45 ml of three different propofol 1% formulations, Diprivan®, Propoven®, or Lipuro®, were compared during induction of anaesthesia premixed with either 5 ml of placebo (saline solution) or 1% lidocaine (50 mg) Diprivan® with saline (n = 39) Diprivan® with lidocaine (n = 40) Propoven® with saline (n = 34) Propoven® with lidocaine (n = 36) Lipuro® with saline (n = 36) Lipuro® with lidocaine (n = 32)
Outcomes	Pain intensity assessed on 7‐point scale by the sum of these three clinical parameters (range, 0–6). facial expression (0: none, 1: frowning, or 2: grimacing) verbal response (0: none, 1: groan, or 2: clear verbal pain expression) attempt to withdraw the infused arm (0: none, 1: moderate, or 2: strong) Other outcomes: adverse effects
Notes	Pain intensity was presented in mean and SD No data of incidence of pain